雅思听力同义词替换4大类型讲解（通用5篇）-九游会网址j9

2024-02-22 08:01:28 同义词

以下是小编给大家整理后的雅思听力同义词替换4大类型讲解，欢迎大家前来参阅。感谢网友“kevinbige”向本站投稿了5篇与“雅思听力同义词替换4大类型讲解”相关的素材。

篇1：雅思听力同义词替换4大类型讲解

在考试中，数量词替换常出现的形式是形容词与数量词间的替换，也就是通过数量词表达与形容词同样的意思。比如，我们既可以直接说“这个书包可真贵”，也可以说“这个书包花了我块钱啊”，两句话表达同一个意思。在这两句话里，“贵”和“2000块钱”进行了替换。这种替换由于有着较高的隐蔽性，往往成为考生定位答案时的漏网之鱼。

例 when investing in stocks and shares，it is suggested that women should put a high proportion of their savings in 40 . (《剑5》test 1 section 4第40题)

分析在这道句子填空题中，通常考生会选用题干中的a high proportion作为本题在录音中的定位词。在录音中，与这句话对应的答案信息是：“it is usually advised that at least 70% of a person’s savings should be in low-risk investments …”考生发现，从听的角度来讲，这句话的一大亮点便是出现了70%这个数字，而这个词与a high proportion意思相近，可以互相替换。由此，考生便能轻松找出本题的答案low-risk investments。这类替换往往出现在选择题或搭配题中，类似的考点词还有too long—fortnight、regular—every six months等。

雅思备考：四大情绪缓解方法让你轻松面对雅思听力

首先：“有备而来”。在听之前要做好充分准备，雅思听力考试中要求学生边听边答题，所以听之前的准备工作很重要，要先了解答题要求，看清例题，明确题型，这样才能准确的回答问题。

其次：“提高速度”。充分快速的阅览试题和选项，找提示，标出关键词和关联词，以确定它的主题或意图，了解自己将要回答什么样问题，预测出相关的答案，预测是为了更准确的找到答案，使你在听题过程中更为主动，高效率的预览和准确的预测对考生是非常重要的。

再有：“协调配合”。提高听题的效率，要求考生在听，读，写时要紧密配合，滤除不相关的内容，减轻听力负担。在卷面上应该尽量用自己能够辨别的缩写符号或速记符号，在保证准确度的前提下提高速度，因为在写答案的同时还要继续听题，做到手，眼，耳协调一致。考生在将答案誊写在答题纸上时要保证拼写和语法的正确，如有错误也要相应扣分。

最后：“严谨认真”。在每部分和考试全部结束前，都留有时间给考生检查答案，考生应该利用这段时间迅速检查答案，改正做错的题目并完成没有完成的题目，特别注意是否正确按照试题要求去做了，不要在答题卷上留空白，(因为答错了也不扣分)。

雅思备考：四大雅思听力不良审题习惯

雅思听力不良审题习惯一：不拘小节，在审题时只关注文字内容，不注意题目要求。

不论是填空还是选择，题目中都存在一定的要求。单选题和配对题问题不大，只要记得一定是一对一选择就可以，遇到多选题时要关注是选对一个选项算一题还是全部选对算一题。如：question 25 choose two letters和question 25-26 choose twoletters这两个要求意义是不相同的，前者比后者要求高，必须全选对才能得分。这对考生最后答题卷的填写也会产生影响，一定要注意。

遇到填空题一定要看清字数要求。由于no more than three words and/or anumber是比较常见的字数要求，可能考生会因此习惯性认为填空就是这个字数要求而忽略了其他形式的要求。在这个要求中，即使只少了“/and”意义也是完全不一样的。

如果要求是no more than three words or a number,那就意味着不能写单词和阿拉伯数字共存的答案，如果出现阿拉伯数字就得写成单词形式。如果出现one wordonly这样的答案就更需要注意了，哪怕多了一个冠词也是错误的。有些考生特别容易把textbook这样的合成词分开写，one wordonly这个要求反而是提醒考生注意单词书写而不是限制了。

雅思听力不良审题习惯二：审题不客观，主观意识太强。

既然是审题，当然要以问题的客观意思理解，不能强加自己的想法。

建议考生在看选择题的问题和选项时尤其需要注意这一点，问什么答什么都要客观理解，不能因为某个选项意义比较符合常理就认为其对，也不能因为选项符合某些判断规则就认为其一定是错的。即便有预先的判断，也需要最终去文章中找到证据来支持或反驳。

如果遇到的是填空题，当然首先还是客观理解整个句子的意思，再做找关键词、预测等工作。比如在预测时发现需要填的空格出现在名词前，修饰名词，一般考生第一反应需要找一个形容词，但仔细想想，能修饰名词的不仅仅是普通的形容词，名词也可以，动词的现在分词形式和过去分词形式也可做形容词来修饰名词，甚至量词也可以修饰名词，所以在听的时候不能因为想到了形容词就只关注普通的形容词。

雅思听力不良审题习惯三：片面理解，选择性审题。

听力考试重在听，卷面上出现的每一字每一句都是提示信息，审题自然不能漏过一丝一毫。但考生往往会因为看到自己熟悉的内容而忽略了剩余的，造成理解错误。最具代表意义的是剑桥7 test 3 section 3 question 23: float dropped into oceanand________ by satellite. 在教学过程中发现考生经常对该空的预测是填名词，因为看到了oceanand就认为两者并列。事实上从整句看和空格并列的信息应该是dropped, 所以要找的是动词的过去分词表示被动。预测出错后听题中就容易忽略正确答案了。

雅思听力不良审题习惯四：视而不见，只看不用。

审题之所以要思考很多问题，是为了在听题的时候能对找答案有所帮助，看到想到的就得在听题时充分利用。但很多考生辛苦审题却不知道运用，例如剑桥5 test4 section 1 question 3: intended length of stay______________ ,通过审题可知需要填的是时间长度，限制信息intended意味着这段时间是想要、打算住的时间，既然有打算，那么还有可能会出现实际的情况。

原文：i’m planning on staying a year but at the moment i’m definitely herefor 4 month only. 显然planning和intended是对应的同义转换点，因此答案是ayear。很多考生其实意识到要找的是想要住的时间长度，但在听的时候却没有注意到对应点。又如剑桥5 test 2 section 4 question 37:average daily requirement for an adult in antarctica is approximately ________kilocalories. 此题中应填数字是非常容易预测的，在审题时需要意识到这个数字要符合average、daily、adult、inantarctica这些条件才能成为正确答案，事实上原文的干扰点就在地点antarctica上，而考生经常看到却在听的时候忽略了这个信息。

雅思备考：时态考点

which two facilities does the theatre currently offer to the public?

a.rooms for hire

b.backstage tours

c.hire of costumes

d.a book shop

e.a cafe

15/16题

which two workshops does the theatre currently offer?

a.sound

b.acting

c.making puppets

d.make-up

e.lighting

剑桥8 test 1 section 2中19/20题

which two activities can students do after the tour at present?

a.build model dinosaurs

b.watch film

c.draw dinosaurs

d.find dinosaur eggs

e.play computer games

剑桥8 test 2 section 2中19题

what can you see in the park at the present time?

a.the arrival of wild birds

b.fruit tree blossom

c.a demonstration of fishing

剑桥7 test 4section2中12题

theoriginal buildings on the site were

a.leisure

b.apartment blocks

c.a sports center

从这些题中我们可以看出，前两道题都出现了currently, 第三，第四道题at present, 第五道出现original，它们都是表示时间的词，都是选择题中题干出现的限定词，也是这些题中的考点词。

比如说第一道题which two facilities does the theatre currently offer to the public?哪两个设施是theatre 目前提供给公众的?那我们要选择选项中包含现在时间词的选项，录音中可能还会出现将来时间进行干扰，所以计划，打算，不久将开放的就是干扰项。

根据录音：so we ‘re looking into the possibility to open a cafe in due course. (in due course 在适当的时候)排除e

there are 2 large rooms will be decorated next month , and they’ll be available for hire排除a.

we ‘re also considering hiring out costumes 排除c

所以排除法就可以做出来了。以上干扰句中都出现了将来时间词。

而答案句：

one way is by organizing backstage tours,so people can be shown around the building and learn how a theatre operates

we have a bookshop which specializes in books about drama and that attracts plenty of customers

都是一般现在时。

第二道题：题干出现currently，问现在情况

所以根据录音：we intend to learn run courses in acting, but we’re waiting until we’ve got the right people in place as trainers.出现将来时间排除b

we ‘re going to start sound next month.出现将来时间词可以排除a.

a number of people have enquired about workshops on make-up, that’s something we’r considering for the future.排除c

答案句中：our lighting workshop has already started with great success.

a surprise success is the workshop on making puppets……..it is so popular we’re now running them very month. 是现在完成时或者现在时。

那么我们来总结一下考试中常见的时间时态词：

过去的时间词：original/originally / previous/ previously / former/ initially/ first / last / used to do / ago/ before / did /past

现在的时间词：current/currently/ at present/ at the moment / now/ recently / have already done

将来的时间词：future/ be about to do/ be going to do / next / be considering / plan to do / intend to do / be thinking of / soon /

所以做做时态型的选择题时，我们审题时一定要注意题干中限定的时间词，如果是现在的，那么一般会大量用将来进行干扰。而答案句对应也是现在时或现在完成时。如果审题中题干时过去限定词，那么常用过去时间对应，当然也会部分出现干扰。题干中直接出线一般将来时的题很少，基本上都在问过去或者现在的情况。学员要牢记常见时间词，进行同意替换或者进行干扰排除，这类题就迎刃而解了。

雅思听力同义词替换4大类型实例讲解

篇2：雅思听力同义词替换4大类型实例讲解

雅思听力同义替换之近义词替换

顾名思义，近义词替换是通过近义词的方式来展示题目和录音内容的联系，这种同义替换也是所有同义替换类别中最基本、最容易掌握的形式。考生若是对单词的近义词十分熟悉，那么便可以轻松解决这类问题。

例1 most useful language practice： learning 23 vocabulary (《剑5》test 2 section 3第23题)

分析该题是一道表格填空题，需要考生补充最有用的语言练习是什么。通过审题，考生可以发现本题的最佳定位词应该是vocabulary，而空格中缺少的应该是一个修饰vocabulary的定语成分。根据定位词vocabulary，考生可以在录音中听到这句话：“i also learnt some technical words that i hadn’t heard before.”在这句话中，考生发现通过一个正式和非正式的同义词转换，题干中的定位词vocabulary在录音中被替换为words，由此考生就找到了答案信息所在的位置。录音中words的修饰词为technical，所以technical为本题答案。

以上是一个名词近义词替换的例子，但对于广大考生而言，在做题过程中感觉更让人头疼的是动词或形容词的近义替换，因为这类词的替换更加灵活。不过，如果考生能够掌握相应的解题方法，也可轻松解题，如下例所示。

例2 stop b： has good 16 of city centre (《剑7》test 2 section 2 第16题)

分析该题也是一道表格填空题，让考生补充完整景点b有何特色。按照定位词选名词不选动词的原则，考生在处理本题时倾向于选city centre作为在录音中定位答案信息的定位词。通过of的所有格结构，考生可以判断出空格处应填名词。根据定位词，考生在听录音时，会把答案信息定位在下面这句话：“this is a place where you can sit and enjoy the wonderful views over the old commercial and banking centre of the city.”在这句话中，考生不难发现，centre of the city在句末出现，centre前还加入了冗长的修饰成分the old commercial and banking。在考试中，考生听到centre of the city时，可能已经忘了该句前面的内容了，因此很难准确找出题目答案。

如果换一种方式进行定位，效果会不会不同?这一次考生可以试试利用题干中的形容词good以及good和空格处应填词汇之间修饰与被修饰的关系在录音中定位及寻找答案。这样一来，考生很容易在录音中找到good的近义替换词wonderful，从而找到紧跟在其后面的词语views。所以，views即本题答案。

在考试时，很多考生会避免选题干中的形容词或动词定位。但是笔者认为，如果题目中空格前后的形容词或动词属于基础词汇，而且考生也比较熟悉其近义词，不妨将这些词归入定位词之一，很多时候可以快速帮助解题。

雅思听力同义替换之同根词替换

很多非英语专业的考生可能对同根词的概念比较陌生。同根词指的是词根相同、词意相近/相反的一组词。比如excite和excitement即为一组同根词。同根词在考试中出现次数较多，但很多时候考生并不能很好地掌握住这类同义替换，主要是因为在发音过程中，很多同根词由于词缀的变化会导致发音、重音等的一系列变化，这使得对发音不熟悉的考生在听录音时无法及时辨认出这些词属于同一个“单词家族”，最终导致定位答案失败。

例 reading sessions help students to read ___________

a.analytically.

b.as fast as possible.

c.thoroughly. (《剑4》test 3 section 3第24题)

分析通过审题，考生应该大致理解了题干的意思是“阅读课帮助学生读得___________”，也就是要考生填写学生阅读的效果。考生可以通过题干中的定位词reading和session在录音中定位到答案信息：“with reading， there’ll be sessions aimed at getting into the habit of analysing material as you read it …”之后，根据录音中的“getting into the habit of …”(养成……的习惯)找出答案。但是录音中使用的是analysing，它与题目选项a的analytically的发音出入较大。因此，很多考生即便听到了analysing这个词，也不能及时将它与analytically联系起来，最后导致丢分。因此，从这道题来看，听力中同根词考查的难点为重音及发音的变化，类似的同根词还有theatre—theatrical、deep—depth、analysis—analyse等。这要求考生平时在记忆单词时不仅要注意拼写上前后缀的变化，同时要注意发音的差别。

与此同时，在运用同根词替换时，考生也要小心同根词的“反义替换”，因为有些词缀本身就有相反的意思，比如in-、un-、il-、-less等就表达相反含义，所以考生在听的时候要对这些表示相反意思的词缀做到心中有数。

篇3：雅思听力同义词替换4大类型实例讲解

类别词即对一类事物的统称，比如中文里用“学科”统称学校里的某类课程，或者用“动物”统称狮子、老虎等。那么英语里同样有类似的对应词，比如subject、animal。这类单词在雅思听力中出现的频率非常高，且往往在“神不知鬼不觉”中被偷偷替换掉。下面通过实例来看一下这类替换的特点及方式。

例1 produce from the area was used to 31 the people of london. (《剑6》test 1 section 4第31题)

分析通过题干中was used to的结构，考生很容易推测出空格处应填入动词，听录音时的定位词可以选people或主语produce。produce作名词时意思是“农产品，产品”。录音中提到下面这句话：“… consisted of farmland with crops and livestock which helped to feed that population.”在此处，考生会发现题干中的people与录音中的population进行了近义词替换，而produce在这里没有重现也没有近义词出现。但在这句话中，考生却发现了crops and livestock(庄稼和牲畜)这个表达，换句话说，类别词produce在这里被两个具体的例子替代了。这便是类别词替换的一大特色。考生在做题时，如果发现题干中有概括性的类别词，那么要注意想想属于该类别的例子都有哪些，对应的单词是什么，以帮助自己适应可能在录音中出现的类别词替换形式。这种类别词替换在选择类题目中经常出现，如下例所示。

例2 dr merrywhether thinks antarctica was part of another continent because ___________

a. he has done his own research in the area.

b. there is geological evidence of this.

c. it is very close to south america. (《剑7》test 2 section 3第26题)

分析这道题目问的是“dr merrywhether认为南极洲曾属于另一个大陆是因为什么”。在录音中，考生可以听到dr merrywhether提到：“… because fossils and rocks have been discovered in antarctica which are the same as those found in places such as africa and australia.”在这里，fossils and rocks代指了选项b中的类别词geological evidence，而places such as africa and australia替换的是题干中的another continent。在这道题目中，无论是题干还是答案，都用类别词与录音中的表述进行了替换。类似的替换形式在选择题中还有很多，可以参考《剑7》test 3 section 4中的选择题去复习这类替换。

雅思听力同义替换之数量词替换

例 when investing in stocks and shares，it is suggested that women should put a high proportion of their savings in 40 . (《剑5》test 1 section 4第40题)

雅思听力机经预测section one部分

雅思听力section one

雅思听力场次 v101010s1

雅思听力场景工作咨询

雅思听力题型雅思听力填空10

雅思听力内容概述美国小伙子打电话在英国果园工作

1. visa type: blue card

2. work time from july to october

3. agency (先说的 website,小伙子很快的说 better through agency)

4. busiest time: september

5. picking date decided by harvest(应该是 weather)

6. over 18ys old salary:6.50

7. accommodation: campsite

8. work by: bike

9. must work with passport

10. should bring own lunch and supply of water

雅思听力section one

雅思听力场次 new

雅思听力场景找暑期工作

雅思听力题型雅思听力填空10

雅思听力内容概述在农场找暑期兼职工作，有 fruit picking，packaging 两种工作，中介绍了每种工作的要求和工资

1.来自哪里：omerama

2.需要的技能：can use a ladder

3.can work under hot condition

4. must have good concentration

5. 摘果子薪金：$4.5/bucket

6. cannot work it if it in raining

7. packaging 工资：$13.75 per hour

8. 最忙的时间 january(有两个干扰分别是二月和十一月)

9. 住宿的地方会提供：laundry

10. transport：即使没有 car，也要有 bike

雅思听力section one

雅思听力场次 new

雅思听力场景咨询

雅思听力题型雅思听力填空&表格

雅思听力内容概述垃圾回收信息

1. garbage collection 的时间是：tuesday,

2. 收垃圾的时间是 8.15

3. 装食物用的可降解塑料袋在 grocery stores 可以买到

4. any tv 不能回收

5. 垃圾按照不同的 categories 分类

6. egg cartons 属于可回收

7.juice bottles

8. 回收之前要 remove the labels

9. pizza boxes

10. 在网上提供 map

雅思听力section one

雅思听力场次待定

雅思听力场景酒店订房咨询

雅思听力题型雅思听力填空10

雅思听力内容概述预订海滨酒店

1. address: 61/71, kviua

2. march

3. nationalities: canadian and australian, total 7 persons

4. don’t ask for kitchen

5. need restaurant

6.最贵的房间 maximum price: $120

7. parents-in-law 房间希望有 good sea view

8. don’t mind the shared bathroom

9. guests can watch the birds

10. special requirement of the helicopter trip air view-photos

雅思听力section one

雅思听力场次 new

雅思听力场景求职咨询

雅思听力题型雅思听力填空10

雅思听力内容概述一个人问朋友申请乘务员职位的信息

1. 联系人：sarah meehan

2. recruit

3. 日期：9 october

4. basic requirements: english and maths

5. occasional night shifts

6. good vision

7. helping customers

8. preparing food

9. cultural awareness

10. the training lasts 6 months

雅思听力section one

雅思听力场次 new

雅思听力场景旅游

雅思听力题型雅思听力填空&选择

雅思听力内容概述野营宿营地的选择，三个宿营地点的对比

1. first accommodation：near the supermarket

2. second one called studio

3. second one has facility: microwave

4. near sports centre

5. third one：outdoor table

6. fee 219

7. salad with fruit

8. children can play . and table tennis

9. barbecue at picnic area

10. dance with a band

雅思听力提分训练素材：sexually harass

how likely is someone to sexually harass others? this scale determines

雅思听力泛听原文

michel martin, host:

we're going to spend the next few minutes talking about one of the other major stories of recent months - excuse me - sexual harassment. in a few minutes, we'll hear a perspective on how religious institutions struggle to deal with complaints about sexual misconduct by clergy.

我们将在接下来的几分钟里谈论最近几个月的另一个主要故事——抱歉——性骚扰。几分钟后，我们将听到宗教机构如何处理神职人员性行为不当的投诉。

while a lot of the stories have rightly focused on what happened, they often don't get to the question of why some people, mainly men, sexually harass their colleagues and others don't. and one person who's been thinking about that question since the 1980s is psychologist john pryor of illinois state university. years ago, he designed a scale to measure how likely someone is to sexually harass. i started by asking him about what motivated his research and how he developed it.

john pryor: i designed the “likelihood to sexually harass scale” using some common stereotypes about men in power situations. in fact, one of the scenarios i developed focused on the casting couch in hollywood. so i asked college men to imagine that they had such a job and that there's a woman they're attracted to. and i asked them, how likely is it that they would offer a role in a film in exchange for sexual favors?

one of the things that let me know i was onto something when i first started working on this was that there was a high level of consistency in men's responses to this. so men who would say that they would perform this act of sexual coercion in one situation were highly likely to say they'd do it in other situations. conversely, you see that men who said they wouldn't do it were also unlikely to say they would do it in other situations.

martin: do you find specific characteristics in the individuals who are likely to engage in this conduct?

pryor: there are a series of beliefs that people have about sexual harassment that represent kind of a psychological underpinning for this kind of behavior - beliefs like women asking for it or women making false complaints. i can't tell you how many people i've been interviewed by ask me, what about the false complaints? well, there are many false complaints. there are not many complaints period.

人们对性骚扰有一系列的信念，这代表了这种行为的一种心理基础，如妇女要求这种观点或妇女提出虚假申诉。我不能告诉你我面试过的人有多少，问我怎么了?嗯，有很多虚假的抱怨。投诉时间不多。

some of the things that we see have to do with a lack of perspective-taking or empathy for other people. one of the other things i can tell you that's kind of consistent with that is that we can reduce the willingness of men to engage in sexual coercion - sexual harassment - by inducing them to think long and hard about perspectives of women. so that shows that, as a variable, something like taking the perspective of others is a very important thing, i believe.

martin: what has struck you about - i mean, as we mentioned earlier, you started this research three decades ago. but now, the floodgates have been opened within the last couple of months, and there's all these different industries, as we've mentioned, including this one, where this behavior has been revealed. i'm just - i'm curious how you have reacted to this, as a person who's been studying this for so long.

pryor: one of the things that i and many others have concluded is it's a really common kind of thing to see some forms of sexual harassment in the workplace. so it's not surprising that you have all these people saying yeah, me too - this happened to me too. so i think that maybe what's surprising is why it took so long for people to come forth.

one of the things that i suspect though, with regard to why it has taken so long – and i'll speculate here - is i think that admitting that you were a target or a victim of sexual harassment is somewhat of a stigma. so people generally avoid identifying themselves as having some kind of stigmatizing characteristic or stigmatizing behavior they've encountered.

but when you start to see people coming forth in public, one of the things you do is you start to remove some of the stigma. so what we see is when women hear other women say, oh, this happened to me, this happened to me, and you think, yeah, it happened to me, and they're less likely to think they're going to be treated negatively for coming forth and saying that it happened to them.

martin: john pryor is a distinguished professor emeritus at illinois state university. he created the “likelihood to sexually harass scale.” we talked to him at the studios at illinois state university. professor pryor, thanks so much for speaking with us.

pryor: thank you, michel. it's nice to talk to you.

雅思听力高频词汇

stereotype 刻板印象

sexual harassment 性骚扰

perspective 观点

distinguish 区分

complaint 抱怨

characteristics 特点

篇4：雅思阅读4大类型同义词替换讲解

雅思阅读4大类型同义词替换讲解

做雅思阅读就两种人，第一种是每个字都认识，句子读得又懂又快，比如说我，嘿嘿嘿。

还有一种技术流，就是会有一些不懂的词句，但是题目能看懂，而且能把题目和原文联系起来，这样也是可以做对绝大多数的题的。当然如果你一句话中不认识的词比认识的还多，那赶快滚去背单词去。

第一种方式需要一定量的积累，如果大家有冲击高分的诉求,可以长期积累. 对于多数考生来说练习第二种会更加高效。

那么问题来了，怎么找和原文对应的地方呢，这也是阅读考察重点之一:同义替换, 我们先要明确一点，同义替换不是同义词, 而是对同一事物的不同表达方式，比同义词的范围要更宽

所以我们来一起看一看常见的替换类型

1描述型替换

题目和原文是现象对应本质，概念对应例子, 或单词对其解释。

比如老师认真回答学生问题, 批改作业到深夜，原文中说有职业责任感，这个就是同义替换.

我们以真题为例：

“题目：the consumption of fossil fuel would be cut because agricultural vehicles would beunnecessary. c11”

“原文：it would reduce fossil fuel use, by cutting out the need for tractors, ploughs and shipping.”

其中vehicles对应其中的一种例子tractor，unnecessary对应其词义解释cutting out the need for，再比如：

c8 chemical → fertilizer and pesticide，farming → grow plants and herd animals

c9 serious problems→nuclear war and pollution，

c10 a range of functions→ gathering, leisure, relaxation, worship

c11 unnecessary→cutting out the need for

很明显不属于同义词, 但却是对同一事物的不同表达方式, 多个词对应一个词.这在雅思中出现几率非常大. 这种替换找不到就会很恼火,因为全是你认识的词, 但是就是脑子转不过来, 所以需要大家有这么一个意识, 不要按同义词严丝合缝的去找替换.

2同义词替换

此类替换比较复杂，也非常常见。

比如:

题目:much effort is made and correct answers are emphasized c6t3

原文:the emphasis is on hard work coupled with a focus on accuracy.

其中much effort→hard work, and→coupled with, correct answers→accuracy, emphasis→focus on

但是有些题目，大家会发现词都认识，但感觉不到其间的替换关系?

原因很简单，这些单词你并不认识。中英单词不是一一对应的，单词的核心意思具体语境下会有变化，拘泥于中文含义理解单词则体会不出单词的语境意，也就找不到替换了。

题目: the most important step is for school authorities to produce a _ policy _c6t4

原文:a key step is to develop a policy on…

produce和develop 能不能叫替换词?生产和发展,乍一看好像不是。理解词义的最好方式是看英英词典, 但大家能坚持做到的不会很多, 所以大家可以尝试方式, 用中文解释其中文词义，解释后的部分更贴近单词的核心词义。“生产”和“发展”都是弄出了一个什么新的东西, 本义是相近的.

再比如

原文：…… detect(侦查)the flaws

题目：…… locate(定位)the faults

detect和locate都有“寻找……的位置”的意思，本质上是有相同的含义的。

原文：there is damage to property too.

题目：… does considerable damage to buildings

这就是一词多义，有些词义比较接近，有些相差较远，这在语言中是一个很常见的现象，比如在汉语中，问：小红，你有腿毛吗?答：有个毛啊!

粗暴地背中文词义很难能解决问题, 大家应该尝试去理解单词在不同语境、针对不同对象时词义的变化。至于怎么背阅读的词, 咱们日后再说.

3词性转换

单词的后缀决定词性，大多数情况下后缀改变不影响词义，少部分词有词义的变化。

consume →consumption

secrete → secretions

fertilize → fertilizers

creativity → creative

investigative → investigate

half → halve

prefer → preference

emit → emission

error → erroneous

medical →medicine

当我们确定要找的题目中的词不认识时，我们只能找到它在原文中的原词重或词性转换。大家可以在背单词时留心一下词缀部分，不用去背名词后缀有什么，动词后缀有什么，你只需要逆向看到这个后缀能联系到题目中的词即可。

4逻辑词的替换

主要考察四种逻辑：因果，并列，转折，否定，考察的较少，但是也偶尔会成为出题点

因果：because → for，as，since，result in，therefore，contribute to，breed……“因为”“导致”都含有一个因果关系的替换，有因就有果。

并列：and → as well as， first… second… third…，range from…to…

转折：but → however，despite， although

“尽管”“但是” 都有一个让步转折的逻辑，比如：虽然你长得丑，但是你想得美啊。在英语中出现了although则不会出现but，

否定：not → 如果题目中有否定词，经常可以拿来优先寻找，因为全文大多是肯定句，少数是否定句，会更加好寻找一些，比如：lack、vanish、 in need of、little、fail to, 以及有less、free等否定后缀的词。

雅思阅读摘要题讲解--johnson’s dictionary

johnson’s dictionary

for the century before johnson's dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the english language. there was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of english spelling. dr johnson provided the solution.

there had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain robert cawdray, published in 1604 under the title a table alphabeticall’ of hard usuall english wordes'. like the various dictionaries that came after it during the seventeenth century, cawdray's tended to concentrated on ‘scholarly’ words; one function of the dictionary was to enable its student to convey an impression of fine learning.

beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the english middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer - lexical as well as social and commercial, it is highly appropriate that dr samuel johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have johnson himself was stationed on a rickety chair at an 'old crazy deal table.surrounded by a chaos of borrowed books. he was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation.

the work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand). johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations drawn from english writing on every subject from the elizabethans to his own time. he did not expect to achieve complete originality. working to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis. in fact it was very much more. unlike his predecessors, johnson treated english very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning. he adopted his definitions on the principle of english common law -according to precedent. after its publication, his dictionary was not seriously rivalled for over a century.

after many vicissitudes the dictionary was finally published on 15 april 1775. it was instantly recognised as a landmark throughout europe. this very noble work.' wrote the leading italian lexicographer. 'will be a perpetual monument of fame to the author, an honour to his own country in particular, and a general benefit to academies of europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty french academics had taken forty years to produce the first french national dictionary) was cause for much english celebration.

johnson had worked for nine years, ‘with little assistance of the learned, and without any patronage of the great not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter of academic bowers, but amidst inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow’. for all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words, 'setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining the significations of english words'. it is the cornerstone of standard english, an achievement which, in james boswell's words,' conferred stability on the language of his country'.

the dictionary, together with his other writing, made johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon king george iii to offer him a pension. from then on, he was to become the johnson of folklore.

questions 4-7

complete the summary.

choose no more than two words front the passage for each answer.

write your answers in boxes 4-7 on your answer sheet.

in 1764 dr johnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. having rented a garret, he took on a number of 4................. , who stood at a long central desk. johnson did not have a 5..............available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. on publication, the dictionary was immediately hailed in many european countries as a landmark. according to his biographer, james boswell, johnson's principal achievement was to bring 6................to the english language. as a reward for his hard work, he was granted a 7................by the king.

长难句练习：

1. beyond the practical need to make orders out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the english rniddle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer-lexical as well as social and commercial.

参考译文：除了规范英语混乱状态的实际需要外，英语字典的兴盛也与英国中产阶级的兴起有关。这些中产阶级渴望对各种要征服的坏境进行定义和约束、包括词汇环境、社会环境和商业环境。

知识点:

circumscribe：限制;约束

①the president's power is circumscribed by congress and the supreme court.总统的权利受到国会和最高法院的限制。

②travel is only one of many instances of circumscribed existence.旅行只不过是生活中受到限制的许多事件之一。

2. after its publication, his dictionary was not seriously rivalled for over a century.

参考译文：约翰逊的字典出版后，在长达一个多世纪的时间里，都没有出现一本真正能与其相媲美的字典。

知识点：

rival:

1)与……竞争 rival sb. for priority与某人争夺优先权

2)与……匹敌;比得上

no one can rival him in eloquence.没人能敌得过他的口才。

the college' s facilities rival those of havard and yale.这所大学的设施可以与哈佛、耶鲁的相媲美。

雅思阅读机经真题解析-agriculture and tourism

linkages between the agri-food sector and tourism offer significant opportunities for the development of both sectors within the region. these linkages could lead to ensuring the sustainability (可持续性) of the region's tourism product thus ensuring it preservation. agriculture and tourism — two of wisconsin's most industries — are teaming up in southwestern wisconsin (美国，威斯康辛州). a pilot project has found that tourists, rural communities, and some farmers could benefit from stronger efforts to promote and market agricultural tourism there. in 1990, agricultural tourism project members surveyed 290 visitors to the annual monroe cheese festival and 164 visitors to the picnic on the farm, a one-time event held in platteville in conjunction with the chicago bears summer training camp. more than one-half of those surveyed responded favorably to a proposed tour, saying they would be interested in participating in some type of agricultural tour in southwestern wisconsin. survey respondents reported that they would prefer to visit cheese factories, sausage processing plants, dairy farms, and historical farm sites, as well as enjoy an old-fashioned picnic dinner. the study also found strong interest in visiting specialty farms (strawberries, cranberries, poultry, etc.). more than 75 percent of the cheese day visitors planned ahead for the trip, with 37 percent planning at least two months in advance.

more than 40 percent of the visitors came to monroe for two- or three-day visits. many stopped at other communities on their way to cheese days. visitor at both events indicated that they were there to enjoy themselves and were willing to spend money on food and arts and crafts. they also wanted the opportunity to experience the “country” while there. the study found that planning around existing events should take into account what brought visitors to the area and provide additional attractions that will appeal to them. for example, visitors to cheese days said they were on a holiday and appeared to be more open to various tour proposals. picnic visitors came specifically to see the chicago bears practice they showed less interest in a proposed agricultural tour than cheese day visitors, but more interest in a picnic dinner.

the study identified three primary audiences for agricultural tourism: 1) elderly people who take bus tours to see the country; 2) families interested in tours that could be enjoyed by both parents and children; and 3) persons already involved in agriculture, including international visitors. agricultural tourism can serve to educate urban tourists about the problems and challenges facing farmers, says andy lewis, grant county community development agent. while agriculture is vital to wisconsin, more and more urban folk are becoming isolated from the industry. in fact, lewis notes, farmers are just as interested in the educational aspects of agricultural tours as they are in any financial returns.

“farmers feel that urban consumers are out of touch with farming,“lewis says. ”if tourists can be educated on issues that concern farmers, those visits could lead to policies more favorable to agriculture.\" animal rights and the environment are examples of two issues that concern both urban consumers and farmers. farm tours could help consumers get the farmer's perspective on these issues, lewis notes. several wisconsin farms already offer some type of learning experience for tourists. however, most agricultural tourism enterprises currently market their businesses independently, leading to a lack of a concerted effort to promote agricultural tourism as an industry.

lewis is conducting the study with jean murphy, assistant community development agent. other participants include uw-platteville agricultural economist bob acton, the center for integrated agricultural systems. uw-extension recreation resources center, the wisconsin rural development center, and hidden valleys, a southwestern wisconsin regional tourism organization. this past fall. murphy organized several workshops with some green and grant county farmers, local business leaders, and motor coach tour operators to discuss how best to organize and put on farm tours. committees were formed to look at the following: tour site evaluations, inventory of the area's resources, tour marketing, and familiarization of tours. the fourth committee is organizing tours for people such as tour bus guides and local reporters to help better educate them about agricultural tourism. green county farmers already have experience hosting visitors during the annual monroe cheese days. green county tourism director larry lindgren says these farmers are set to go ahead with more formal agricultural tours next year. the tours will combine a farm visit with a visit to a local cheese factory and a picnic lunch.

another farm interested in hosting an organized tour is sinsinawa, a 200-acre grant county farm devoted to sustainable agriculture and run by the dominican sisters. education plays a major role at the farm, which has an orchard, dairy and beef cows, and hogs. farm tours could be combined with other activities in the area such as trips to the mississippi river and/or visits to historical towns or landmarks, lewis says. the project will help expose farmers to the tourism industry and farm vacations as a way to possibly supplement incomes, he adds. while farm families probably wouldn't make a lot of money through farm tours, they would be compensated for their time, says lewis.

farmers could earn additional income through the sale of farm products, crafts, and recreational activities. below are results from the 1990 survey of monroe cheese days and picnic on the farm visitors .

question 1-4

the reading passage has seven paragraphs a-g

which paragraph contains the following information?

write the correct letter a-g in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

1. about half of all the tourists would spend several days in monroe.

2. most visitors responded positively to a survey project on farm tour.

3. cooperation across organizations in research for agriculture tours has been carried out.

4. agriculture tour assist tourists to understand more issues concerning animal and environment.

question 5-9

which of following statements belongs to the visitor categories in the box

please choose a, b or c for each question.

write the correct letter a, b or c, in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.

nb you may use any letter more than once.

a cheese festival visitors

b picnic visitors

c both of them

5. have focused destination.

6. majority prepare well before going beforehand.

7. were comparably less keen on picnic meal.

8. show interest in activities such as visiting factory tour and fruit.

9. are willing to accept a variety of tour recommendation.

question 10-14

summary

complete the following summary of the paragraphs of reading passage, using no more than two words from the reading passage for each answer. write your answers in boxes 10-14 on your answer sheet.

through farm tour, visitors can better understand significant issues such as 10 and environment. in autumn, murphy organised 11 and bring other participants together to develop local tour market. larry lindgren said the farmers already had experience of farm tours with factory visiting and a 12 in sinsinawa, a large area of the farmland contains an orchard, cow etc which is managed and operated by 13 ; lewis said the project will probably bring extra 14 for local farmers.

篇章结构：

参考答案：

体裁

论说文

题目

农业和旅游

结构

a段-农业跟旅游之间的关系，以美国威斯康辛州州的西南部为例，论述了关于农业旅游业带来的影响。

b段-一类人喜欢平民化的风土人情。

c段-另一类人希望能够在旅游之余参加更多的活动。

d段-当地百姓遭遇发展的问题-动物权利和环境问题。

e段-研究建议一体化的农业系统中心，成立委员会有效地进行项目评估，最好的组织农业旅游。

f段-把旅游和其他活动联系起来作为增收的方式。

g段-农民可以获得额外收入。

version 22307 主题农业旅游

animal rights

workshops

picnic （lunch）

dominican sisters

incomes

篇5：雅思听力中同义词替换4大类型分析

什么是同义替换呢?

同义替换即将同一意思通过不同的方式、不同的角度进行表达。

它是为了表达的丰富性与多样性而存在的。

而在雅思听力的考试中，同义替换与信息陷阱、逻辑关系一起，构成贯穿在雅思听力考试中的三大难点。

其实，雅思听力中的同义替换除了近义词替换，还包括同根词替换、类别词替换、数量词替换。

本文就为考生具体介绍这四种同义替换形式。

一、雅思听力同义替换之近义词替换

例1 most useful language practice： learning 23 vocabulary (《剑5》test 2 section 3第23题)

例2 stop b： has good 16 of city centre (《剑7》test 2 section 2 第16题)

二、雅思听力同义替换之同根词替换

例 reading sessions help students to read ___________

a.analytically.

b.as fast as possible.

c.thoroughly. (《剑4》test 3 section 3第24题)

三、雅思听力同义替换之类别词替换

例1 produce from the area was used to 31 the people of london. (《剑6》test 1 section 4第31题)

例2 dr merrywhether thinks antarctica was part of another continent because ___________

a. he has done his own research in the area.

b. there is geological evidence of this.

c. it is very close to south america. (《剑7》test 2 section 3第26题)

四、雅思听力同义替换之数量词替换

在考试中，数量词替换常出现的形式是形容词与数量词间的替换，也就是通过数量词表达与形容词同样的意思。比如，我们既可以直接说“这个书包可真贵”，也可以说“这个书包花了我2000块钱啊”，两句话表达同一个意思。在这两句话里，“贵”和“2000块钱”进行了替换。这种替换由于有着较高的隐蔽性，往往成为考生定位答案时的漏网之鱼。

例 when investing in stocks and shares，it is suggested that women should put a high proportion of their savings in 40 . (《剑5》test 1 section 4第40题)