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篇1：动词的时态语态 (人教版高考复习英语下册教学论文)
动词的时态语态
1.时态
时态 用法 例示
一般现在时 现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与usually, always, seldom, often, frequently, every day 等时间状语连用 we always care for each other and help each other.
he sometimes stay up till midnight to catch up with others.
主语现在的特征，性格和状态 she is always ready to help others.
-do you sing? –a little
客观规律，正确事实或科学真理，格言以及其他不受时间限制的客观存在 all the living things on the earth depend on the sun.
our teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.
在由连词if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引起的时间（条件，让步）状语从句，需用一般现在时表将来。 even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.
however much advice you give him, he will do exactly what he wants.
安排，或计划要做的动作（有时间状语）限于begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return 等一类动词。 the plane takes off at 5:00 a.m.
一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, in , two years ago ,last month, the day before yesterday, the other day 等表示过去的时间状语连用。 the great wall came into being in 221bc.
过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的行为，常与every day, often, sometimes等时间状语连用，used to , would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。would 不接表示认识或状态的词，但used to 不受限制。 when i was in the factory, i often worked in the workshop.
we used to get up at five every morning when were at school.
we would ask him for advice when we had trouble with our english.
he used to like football when i was at middle school.
过去发生的一系列动作 the professor put one finger in his mouth, tasted it, and smiled with satisfaction.
在时间，条件，方式让步状语从句中用一般过去时表过去将来时。
he said he would let us know if he got any news.
he promised that he would buy some copies for us when he went there.
i didn’t know you bought the present for me.
语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚刚，刚才，”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”
一般将来时 shall/will 动词原形1 单纯表将来2 不用于条件句中3 表必然的将来4 表意愿，决心 he will be thirty years old next year.
if you will wait here, the manage will be back 10 mins later.
be going to 1计划打算干2, 客观迹象预示 look at the clouds, there is going to be a storm.
if you are going to do it, you had better do it well.
be on the point of /be about to 不与时间状语连用，但可和when 从句连用
be to 1 预定要做 2 表示命令，禁止应该3 注定 we are to finish the work before five this year.
no one is to leave the cinema without the police’s police’s permission
瞬间动词的现在进行时表将来。 go start, set out, leave , reach, arrive, return, come, move, take off they are moving nanjing for guangzhou on sunday.
祈使句/短语 and/or 主语 will
work hard and you’ll succeed
a bit more effort, and you will succeed.
将来完成时 表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或该时刻刚刚结束的动作 i shall have finished this one before lunch.
i hope we'll have got the instructions (说明书) ready before you come tomorrow.
过去将来时 was/were going to
was/were to
was about to
was/were 现在分词
was/were on the point of
现在进行时 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作 look! the boy is dozing off.
表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定正在进行） how are you getting along with your english these days.
表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用） the children are always making trouble.
she is always asking the same question.
瞬间动词表将来
过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。
表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶。（常与always, constantly, continually 等副词连用）
瞬间动词表将来
描写故事的背景 it was winter. the north wind has blowing hard and a heavy snow was falling. a poor little girl was walking in the street.
用在复合句中
he was reading while his wife was cooking.
while he was driving, he was thinking about the matter.
不与时间状语连用，表示逐渐的发展 it was getting darker.
现在完成时 对现在的影响或动作与状态的持续
常与有介词for, during, in within, over 引导的时间状语连用 we have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 weeks.
i haven’t seen him in the recent years.
表示反复或习惯性的动作，常与
several times, once, twice, 等频度副词
连用 i have watched him several times.
he has been to london twice.
用在时间，条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前已完成。 i will give my opinion after i have read through the book.
we will set out at once if the rain has stopped
现在完成进行时 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至将来。（强调进行的过程） he is ill. he has been lying in bed for three weeks.
she is very tired. she has been typing letters all day.
一直到现在为止的一段时间内一再反复进行的动作 all these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
过去完成时 表示过去的过去；一直延续到过去某一点的动作或状态。 i received a letter from a friend yesterday. we had not heard from each other since 1990
表示原本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用此结构德动词有hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend 等 we had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.
they had expected to get what they needed, but there was nothing there.
用于no sooner… than; hardly… when的句型中 i had no sooner returned than he called.
时态 比较 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般过去时表示动作的完成 mary wrote a letter to her friend last night.
mary was writing a letter to her friend last night.
现在完成时强调结果或动作已完成
现在完成进行时强调动作在继续 we have discussed the question with him.
we have been discussing the question with him all evening.
固定句型 by the end of by the end of last term, we had learned words.
by the end of this term, we will have learned…
it is the first time
it was the first time
it is high time that it is the first time that you have visited our school.
it was the first time that you had visited…
it is high time that you came here.
2． 语态
主动表被动 及物动词作不及物用＋副词 （hardly, easily, badly, nicely, well, smoothly）等时。常用动词有act, add, bend, close, lock, cut, begin, move, open, read, sell, teach, translate, wash, wear, write 等，主语往往是物而不是人。 the pen write well.
wood burns easily.
the car drives smoothly.
the case locks easily.
形容词 ＋不定式结构中，不定式与句子主语有动宾关系时。
要注意如果句中的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时用主动语态，否则用被动。 the picture is pleasant to look at.
i found his theory hard to understand.
i found my theory hard to be understood.
介词短语 in sight, on show, on sale, under construction作表语或定语表被动。 the new railway under construction will be completed soon.
be worth, be missing , in need of , remaining, want/need/require be to blame be to let the teaching method is in need of improving.
there is no remaining money here.
the house is to let
连系动词：表感觉的 appear, feel, prove, taste ,表变化的 become, come fall, grow, turn,表依旧的continue, lie, remain, stay, stand einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
某些动词以物做主语，进行时表被动eg. print, cook, fry, hang, build, make the dinner is cooking.
the book is printing.
the house is building.
被动表主动 burn, devote, dress, hide, seat, love, wear, tire oneself 介词＝be ed 介词 he seats himself on the bench.
affect, amuse, astonish, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, frighten, inspire, move, strike, touch, upset, worry等用于 sb be ed sth be ing 作定语ed sb ing sth he was too frightened to move.
不用被动语态 come about, occur, break out, belong to, happen, succeed, fail, add up to, take place, come into being, cost, set sail for, take part in, give out, come true, lose heart, play a part in
双重被动式 常用的动词有wish, expect, advise, mean, believe, suppose, order, allow the book is believed to have been translated into french.
the sports meet was never expected to be put off.
get, become, go ,come ,feel, grow, seem, look 可以作为系动词在口语中使用 i grew excited and a little frightened.
he seemed satisfied with my offer
five soldiers got wounded in the battle.
高考对于进行体的常考点
1． 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。
tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.
as he was reading the newspaper, granny fell asleep.
2. 表示动作的未完性，暂时性。
i don’t really work here. i am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.
selecting a mobile phone for a personal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
3. 表示现在或当时发展中或正在进行的情况。
i don’t think jim saw me; he was just staring into space.
i first met lisa 3 years ago. she was working at a radio shop at that time.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1） (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法复习八：动词时态和语态（1）
一、动词的分类和形式：
动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。
1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种
2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。
4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词 介词”；2）“动词 副词”；3）“动词 副词 介词”；4）“动词 名词（或代词） 介词”；5）“be 形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词 介词”。
二、动词的时态：
1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。）
2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。
3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。
4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）
5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。
6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。
8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since 构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。
9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
练习一：动词时态与语态（1）
1. when i saw mary, she ______ on the piano.
a. is playing b. plays c. was playing d. played
2. she ______ the door before she goes away.
a. had locked b. is locking c. has locked. d. was locking.
3. a hunter is a man who ______ animals.
a. catch b. catches c. will catch d. was catching
4. what _____ if i drink this?
a. happens b. is happening c. will happen d. is happened
5. i will visit you if father ______ me.
a. let b. lets c. is letting d. will let
6. look out! that tree _____ fall down.
a. is going to b. will be c. shall d. would
7. my uncle _____ to see me. he'll be here soon.
a. comes b. is coming c. had come d. came
8. they can't leave until they _____ their work.
a. did b. are doing c. have done d. has done
9. “has he seen this film?” “ yes. he ______ it several days ago. ”
a. saw b. has seen c. had seen d. was seeing
10. now mike isn't here. he ______ mr green's. perhaps he ______ back in a few minutes.
a. went to; is coming b. has gone to; will come
c. has been to; will be d. is going to; has come
11. that day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see me.
a. has washed b. washed c. had been washing d. was washed
12. i haven't finished my composition. i ______ for two hours and a half.
a. have written it b. have been writing it
c. wrote it d. am writting it
13. i will take my daughter with me when i _____ shanghai,
a. go to b. will go to c. have been to d. have gone to
14. this bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.
a. didn't say b. couldn't speak to c. said d. didn't tell
15. the bridge which ______ last year looks really beautiful.
a. was built b. built c. was set up d. had been built
16. “ when ______ school begin?” “ next monday. ”
a. has b. does c. did d. is going to
17. i will ______ here till you give me some money.
a. leave b. not leave c. come d. return
18. i _____ here since i moved here.
a. will work b. worked c. work d. have been working
19. every time i _____ there, i will buy him something nice.
a. went b. will go c. go d. have gone
20. it was said that his father ______.
a. has died b. died. c. has been dead d. had died
21. we won't go unless you ______ soon.
a. had come b. came c. will come d. come
22._____six years since i began studying english.
a. they have been b. it is c. it was d. there are
23. they ______ the summer palace three times.
a. have gone to b. have been to c. have been in d. have gone into
24. “how long haven't we seen each other? ”“well, it _____ nearly two years since we ______ last. ”
a. is/have met b. was/had met c. is/met d. has been/had met
25. “have you seen the art exhibition?” “no, _____ there. ”
a. it was not being held b. they didn't hold
c. it had not held d. they were holding it
26. don't get off the bus until it ______.
a. stop b. will stop c. stopped d. has stopped
27. “where ______ the recorder? i can't see it anywhere.” “i _____ it right here. but now it's gone. ”
a. did you put/have put b. have you put/put
c. had you put/was putting d. were you putting/have put
28. they asked me to have a drink with them. i said that it was 10 years since i ______ a good drink.
a. had enjoyed b. was enjoying c. enjoyed d. had been enjoying
29. don't come tonight. i would rather you _____ tomorrow.
a. come b. came c. will come d. coming
30. ______ you ______?
a. do/marry b. have/married c. have/been married d. are/married
31. when he ______ all the newspapers, he'll go home.
a. sells b. has sold c. will have sold d. will be sold
32. “this cloth _____well and _____ long. ”“ok. i'll take it. ”
a. washes/lasts b. is washed/lasted c. washes/is lasted d. is washing/lasting
33. “hurry up, you ______ on the phone. ” “oh, i'm coming. thank you. ”
a. are wanted b. are being wanted c. want d. are wanting
34. i ______ see you, but i didn't, for i had no time.
a. had wanted to b. has wanted to c. wanted d. was wanted
35. i ______ in guang zhou for six years by this october.
a. have lived b. was living c. will be living d. shall have lived
36. by this time next year he ______ from the college.
a. will be graduating b. should be graduating
c. will have graduated d. is graduating
37. our teacher told us that the earth _____ from west to east.
a. turns b. turn c. has turned d. had turned
38. my brother _____ while he _____ his bicycle and hurt himself.
a. fell/was riding b. fell/were riding
c. had fallen/rode d. had fallen/was riding
39. bill said he ____ twenty-one the next year.
a. was going to be b. was about to be c. could be d. was to be
40. it is high time you _____ in bed now.
a. are b. were c. will be d. would be
41. after a while an agreement _____.
a. was arrived at b. was arrived in c. was arrived d. has been arrived
42. the air liner from beijing _____ at 3:00 p.m.
a. is about to arrive b. has arrived c. arrives d. is going to arrive
43.______,that step is not safe!
a. look around b. look up c. look out d. look down
44. “have you _____ him to give up smoking?” “no. i _____, but he wouldn't listen.”
a. persuaded/tried b. tried/persuaded c. tried/tried d. persuaded/persuaded
45. the research laboratory is going to ______ the new type of computer to use.
a. take b. make c. put d. send
46. i don't know when he ______, but when he ______, i'll let you know.
a. will come/comes b. comes/will come c. comes/comes d. will come/will come
47. how much do you think that vase _____?
a. is cost b. used c. was paid for d. cost
48. i _____ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but it's beginning to look diffcult.
a. hope b. had hoped c. hoped d. am hoping
49. “come on, peter, i want to show you something.”
“oh, how nice of you, i _____ you _____ to bring me a gift.”
a. never think/are going b. never thought/ were going
c. didn’t think/ are going d. hadn’t thought/ were going
50. it’s a nice flat, but it _____ a proper bathroom.
a. haven’t got b. hasn’t got c. wouldn’t get d. doesn’t have got
51. she had a shock when she heard the news, _____?
a. hadn’t she b. didn’t she c. wouldn’t she d. won’t she
52. this liquid _____ the salt at room temperature.
a. became mixed with b. was mixed by
c. mixes with d. has been mixing by
动词时态和语态（2）
一、时态的呼应：在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。
1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：she knows you have been in beijing for five rears.
2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：（1）如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：she said she was busy then. (2)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：i didn’t know that she had been to london twice. (3)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：they didn’t know when they would have a rest. (4)如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：when i was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：tome said he was born in 1975.
二、被动语态：英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者，一般由介词by引起的短语来表示，如:we often help them. (主动)我们常帮助他们。they are often helped by us.(被动)他们常被我们帮助。
1、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词be的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。
2、被动语态八种时态的用法例句:被动语态常用的八种时态的基本用法和主动语态各时态的
基本用法相同，只是句中的主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，如:(1)一般现在时：now english is taught in all middle schools in our country. (2)一般过去时：the great hall of the people was built in 1959. (3)一般将来时: when will the work be finished? (4)过去将来时：he told us that the work would be finished the next day. (5)现在进行时：
your tractor is being repaired now.(6)过去进行时：the child was being examined by the doctor when they came in. (7)现在完成时：the work hasn’t been finished yet. (8)过去完成:the new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began.
3、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：（1）当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时，如：paper was first made in china. （2）当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如：the new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker.
4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：（1）将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，可按下列步骤进行：①先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；②再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；③最后在被动语态之后加介词by，并将主动结构的主语放在by之后（经常被省略），构成介词短语；④由主动语态动词改为被动语态动词时，要注意被动语态动词中助动词be的各种形式变化，因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词be不同的形式来表示的，如：trees are planted every spring.（2）如果主动语态动词后又有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。如将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或 for，如：grandma told me an interesting story last night.→iwas told an interesting story last night./ an interesting story was told to me last night. （3）主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了。宾补可以有下列几种情况：①宾补为动词不定式，如：they asked her to sing a song. →she was asked to sing a song. 在动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：tom was seen to come out of the lab.②宾补为分词，如：they heard them singing at the time.→they were heard singing at that time.③宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，如：she kept me busy all the morning. →i was kept busy all the morning.（4）如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性，如：she always takes good care of the children. →the children are always taken good care of. （5）含有情态动词的动词改为被动语态时是将情态动词后面的动词原形改为被动语态，因其前有情态动词，所以构成被动语态的助动词be就要使用原形，如：they must finish the work before friday. →the work must be finished before friday.（6）be going to, be to, used to, have to和had better等结构，其作用相当于情态动词或助动词，在改为被动语态时，只需将后面的动词原形改为被动语态即可，如：the are not going to put off the football match. →the football match is not going to be put off.
练习二、动词时态与语态（2）
53. an exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week.
a. are to be held b. is to be held c. are holding d. will hold
54. i'm sorry, sir. your recorder isn't ready yet. it _____ in the factory.
a. is being repaired b. is repaired c. has been repaired d. hasn't repaired
55. every possible means , but none prove successful.
a. has tried b. has been tried c. is being tried d. tried
56. _______ that they can pass the written exam this time.
a. that is hoped b. it is hoped c. that hopes d. it hopes
57. my little sister has broken my watch. ---- my watch _____ by my little sister.
a. is broken b. has broken c. have been broken d. has been broken
58. he was cleaning his room when i entered the house.
---- his room _____ by him when i entered the room.
a. was being cleaned b. was cleaned c. was being cleaning d. has been cleaned
59. i shall have finished reading the novel by dinner time.
---- this novel _____ reading (by me) by dinner time.
a. will have finished . b. will has been finished
c. will have being finished d. will have been finished
60. you ought to keep these three rooms clean. ----these three rooms ______ (by you).
a. are oughted to keep clean b. ought to kept clean
c. ought to be kept clean d. ought to have been kept clean
61. you are about to write a poem, aren't you? ---- a poem _____ (by you), _____ ?
a. is about to be written, aren't you b. is about to be writing, isn’t it
c. is about to be writing, aren't you d. is about to be written, isn’t it
62. she had better leave a note to him. ---- a note _____ to him (by her).
a. had better left b. had be better left c. had better be left d. had better been left
63. he doesn't do his homework every day. ---- his homework ______ by him every day.
a. doesn't be done b. aren't done c. don't be done d. isn’t done
64. we must take care of our parents when they are old. ---- our parents ______ when they are old.
a. must be taken care b. must be took cars c. must take care of d. must be taken care of
65. people look down upon him because he is a liar. ---- he _____ because he is a liar.
a. is looked down b. is looked down upon c. looks down upon d. looks down
66. father will give me a dictionary on my birthday.
---- a dictionary ______ me by father on my birthday.
a. shall be given to b. will give c. shall give to d. will be giving to
67. we elected her leader. ---- she by us.
a. is elected leader b. was leader elected c. was elected leader d. leader was elected
68. ---- people who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes.
---- why are all of the______?
a. grey painted mailboxes b. mailboxes grey painted
c. mailboxes painted grey d. painted grey mailboxes
69. i saw him enter the room. ---- he ______ the room.
a. is seen enter b. is seen to enter c. was seen to enter d. was seen enter
70. the question asked by him is hard _____ .
a. to answer b. to be answered c. to be answering d. for answer
71. how sweet the music ______!
a. sounds to be b. is sounded c. is sounded to be d. sounds
72. in warm weather fruit and meat ______ long.
a. don't keep b. cannot be kept c. are not kept d. are not keeping
73. he received a telegram ___ “mother sick.”
a. written b. said c. reading d. writing
74. the classroom ______ 30 feet long.
a. measures b. is measured c. has d. has length
75. do you remember ______ ?
a. how it is done b. it how to be done c. how is it done by d. how to do
76. to have been rich.
a. they say b. it is said c. he is said d. that was said
77. mathematics is difficult ______.
a. to learn b. for learning c. to be learned d. of learning
78. my hair is so long that i must go to a barber's shop and______.
a. have to cut it b. have it cut c. get it to be cut d. to cut it
79. the pencil ______ well.
a. writes b. is written c. was written d. writing
80. ---- i can't see the blackboard very well. ---- perhaps you need ______.
a. to examine your eyes b. to have your eyes examined
c. to have examined your eyes d. to be examined your eyes
81. ---- where is the coffee table? ---- tom just had it ____ away.
a. move b. moving c. moved d. moves
82. good medicine ______ to the mouth.
a. tastes bitter b. tastes bitterly c. is tasted bitter d. is tasted bitterly
83. which girl won the prize? _____
a. by which girl is the prize won? b. which girl was the prize won?
c. by which girl did she win the prize? d. by which girl was the prize won?
84. --- where did you get that handsome picture? ---- it was _____ by my father.
a. given for us b. a gift to us c. given to us d. a gift for us
85. a young hen is ______ a chicken.
a. named b. known c. spelled d. called
86. ---- how does alma like her new work? ---- she ______ with the hour.
a. can't satisfy b. isn't satisfied c. doesn't satisfy d. hasn't satisfied
87. ---- why do you call your son mouse? ---- he wants ______ by the name.
a. to call b. to be called c. to be calling d. being called
88. his idea, though good, needs ______ out.
a. being tried b. to try c. tried d. to be tried
89. the man living in the next door is known _____the police.
a. with b. to c. by d. of
90. cotton is first made ______ thread and then it was woven ______ cloth.
a. up of, up of b. into, into c. of, of d. from, from
91. ______ here last night.
a. something strange was happened b. strange something was happened
c. something strange happened d. strange something happened
92. ---- i'd like to buy that coat. ---- i'm sorry, _____.
a. it was sold b. it's selling c. it's been sold d. it had been sold
93. gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but_____.
a. man did not put it to use in war two hundred years liter
b. until two centuries more it was used in war
c. not used in war until two hundred years later
d. in war did not use it two hundred years afterwards
94. the five-year-old girl by her parents.
a. is looked b. has looked for c. is being looked for d. has been looked
参考答案
语法复习八：动词时态和语态
练习一、1~5 ccbcb 6~10 abcab 11~15 cbada 16~20 bbdcd 21~25 dbbca
26~30 dbabd 31~35 baaad 36~40 caaab 41~45 accac 46~50 adbbb
51~52 bc
练习二、53~55 bab 56~60 bdadc 61~65 dcddb 66~70 accca 71~75 dacaa
76~80 cabab 81~85 cadcd 86~90 bbdbb 91~94 cccc
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇3：语法系列复习七-----动词时态，被动语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法系列复习专题七-----动词时态，被动语态
一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、
状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如：
ill go there after i finish my work./ if it rains tomorrow,i wont go there.
3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。例如：there goes the bell.铃响了。there comes the bus.汽车来了。here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。例如：she is leaving for beijing.她要去北京。
he is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。my father is coming to see me this saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。例如：the changjiang river is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。the sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有：exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,
believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。例如：i have finished the report./ she has cleand the room.
2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如：he has learned english for six years./ they have worked here since they left college.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：she has cleaned the room.its very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到its…这样的一般现在时。)
2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：i have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：when did you see that film? i saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：when have you seen that film?i have seen it yesterday.
4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：
--where is li hua? －he has gone to the reading-room.
--she knows a lot about shanghai.－she has been there.
5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,
finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：he has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：he finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：he has been through(with)the work for three hours.3）“since法”：it is/has been three hours since he finished the work.
四、现在完成进行时
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：he has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ it has been raining for two days.
2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。
五、一般过去时
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。
六、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。例如：he was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如：they were still working when i left.
3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。例如：i was writing while he was watching tv.
4.表示过去将来动作。例如：he said she was arriving the next day.
七、过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。例如：he had shut the door before the dog came up./ everything had been all right up till this morning.
2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。例如：at the age of ten,he had learned 500 english words.he had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如：we had expected that you would be able to win the match.
八、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式：
1.will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）
2.be going to do (主观上打算或客观上可能发生)
3.be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)
4.be about to do (按计划即将发生)
九、将来完成时
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。例如：we will have finished senior book 2 by the end of this term.
时态考点分析
1．--can i join your club,dad?
--you can when you______a bit older. (nmet)
a.get b.will get c.are getting d.will have got
析：“you can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为a.
2．--oh,it’s you!i______you.
--i’ve just had my hair cut and i’m wearing new glasses.
a.didn’t recognize b.hadn’t recognized
c.haven’t recognized d.don’t recongnize
析：从“oh,it’s you!”可知说话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选a.
3.i don’t think jim saw me;he______into space. (nmet)
a.just stared b.was just staring c.has just stared d.had just stared
析：在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释jim didn’t see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于a、b。若选a不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除a而选b。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。
4.--______my glasses?
--yes,i saw them on your bed a minute ago. (nmet)
a.do you see b.had you seen c.would you see d.have you seen
析：现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为d。
5.you don’t need to describe her.i______her several times. (nmet)
a.had met b.have met c.met d.meet
析：答案b。道理同4。
6.--do you know our town at all?
--no,this is the first time i______here.
a.was b.have been c.came d.am going
析：根据this/it is the first/second/…time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为b。又如：this is the second time he has visited the great wall.
7.i don’t really work here.i______until the new secretary arrives. (nmet)
a.just help out b.have just helped out
c.am just helping out d.will just help out
析：根据i dont really work here.以及…until the new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，c、d两个选项都表将来动作，但d非计划安排，c则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为c。
8.--is this raincoat yours?
--no,mine______there behind the door. (nmet)
a.is hanging b.has hung c.hangs d.hung
析：此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的b、d项可排除。c项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选a是极为合情理的。
被动语态
一、被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）
例如：he was scolded by the english teacher.
2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分
例如：the boy got drowned last summer./ she got fired because of her faults.
注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”
3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。例如：she lent me a bike.被动：1）i was lent a bike(by her).
2）a bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词
例如：this problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分
例如；these magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./the murderer was ordered to be shot.
二、主动表示被动的几种情况
1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。例如：this knife cuts well.这把刀好切。these books sell well.这些书好卖。the pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。the cloth washes well.这种布好洗。
2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。例如：the apples taste good./the flower smells wonderful./the news proved/turned out true./cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：his answer(was) proved right.
3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。例如：the problem is easy to do./the question is difficult to answer./the box is heavy to carry./the project is impossible to complete in a year.比较：the problem is to be done./the question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。
三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：
1.i teach myself french.不可变为myself is taught french.因为反身代词不可作主语。
2.we help each other/one another.不可变为each other/one another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
3.he lost heart.不可变为heart was lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。
4.she took part in the sports meet.不能变为the sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。
被动语态考点分析
1.i need one more stamp before my collection______. (nmet)
a.has completed b.completes c.has been completed d.is completed
析：complete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的c、d中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为d。
2.--do you like the material?
--yes,it______very soft. (nmet)
a.is feeling b.felt c.feels d.is felt
析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为c。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。
3．great changes______in the city,and a lot of factories______. (nmet)
a.have been taken place…have been set up
b.have taken place…have been set up
c.have taken place…have set up
d.were taken place…were set up
析：take place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除a、d，又因set up(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除c，答案为b。
4.most of the artists______to the party were from south africa. (nmet)
a.invited b.to invite c.being invited d.had been invited
析：首先可排除b。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因d项少引导词who，也应排除。a项＝who were invited,c项＝who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为a。
5.i dont know the restaurant,but its______to be quite a good one.(nmet)
a.said b.told c.spoken d.talked
析：根据“某人/某物据说…”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said…”可定答案为a。又如：he is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。
6.the police found that the house______and a lot of things______.(nmet)
a.has broken into…has been stolen b.has broken into…had been stolen
c.has been broken into…stolen d.had been broken into…stolen
析：“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除a、b。因c项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是d。
7.i promise that the matter will______. (nmet)
a.be taden care b.be taken care of c.take care d.take care of
析：take care of…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为b。
8.if city noises______from increasing,people____shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. (nmet)
a.are not kept…will have to b.are not kept…have to
c.do not keep…will have to d.do not keep…have to
析：观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在a、b中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为a。
9.the olympic games,____in 776 bc,did not include women players until 1912.(nmet)
a.first playing b.to be first played c.first played d.to be first playing
析；要表达“被举行”，只能在b、c中选。b意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 bc这一过去时间，只有c，first played(＝which was first played)才合用。故答案为c。
10.this sentence needs______.
a.a improvement b.improve c.improving d.improved
析：初看此题似手a、c皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被…”意。如：the door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.(这扇门需要漆一下。)
11.i should very much like to have gone to the party,but i______invited.
a.am not b.havent been c.was not d.will not be
析：should/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：i should like to have seen the film,but it wasnt possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是c。
12.--______the note______to mr smith?
--no,it is still in my pocket.
a.is…being given b.was…given c.has…been given d.hasnt…been given
析：根据问句与答句，问话人显然是注重结果，故要用现在完成时。似乎d作为反诘句“难道条还没给史密斯先生吗？”也成立，但若是这种口气发问，答话人就应答“sorry.it is still in my pocket.”,所以此题答案应为c。
13.we heard it______that he had gone to new york.
a.say b.said c.to say d.be said
析：it was said that…可以改为we heard it said that…(都表示“据说…”之意)。前一种说法中it 是形式主语，后一种说法中it是形式宾语。故此题答案为b。
动词时态、语态专练
1.the maths problem can be______.
a.easy worked out b.easy to be worked out
c.easily worked out d.easily to work out
2.every possible means______,but none proves successful.
a.has been tried b.tried c.is being tried d.has tried
3.the girl is to______a rich man.
a.marry with b.be married c.marry to d.be married to
4.he received a telegram that______“mother sick”.
a.wrote b.says c.reads d.read
5.who can you imagine______to his wedding party?
a.inviting b.being invited c.was invited d.to be invited
6.i______ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer.(nmet)
a.gave b.was given c.was giving d.had given
7.--will somebody go and get dr.white?
--hes already been______.(nmet)
a.asked for b.sent for c.called for d.looked for
8.a conductor______to keep us in time in the singing yesterday.
a.needs b.is needing c.was needed d.has been needed
9.when and where to build the new factory______yet.
a.is not decided b.are not decided c.has not decided d.have not decided
10.ways______to stop pollution by now.
a.must find b.will be found c.are found d.have been found
11.i dont want anything______about it.
a.to say b.said c.saying d.having said
12.--______that the sports meet might be put off.
--yes,it all depends on the weather.
a.ive been told b.ive told c.im told d.i told
13.a library with five thousand books______to the nation as a gift.(nmet)
a.is offered b.has offered c.are offered d.have offered
14.betty has never been heard _______ill of others.
a.speak b.spoken c.to speak d.was said
15.tom______to have delivered the speech in their theatre room.
a.said b.says c.is said d.was said
16.--what do you think of the book?
--oh,excellent.its worth______a second time.(nmet)
a.to read b.to be read c.reading d.being read
17.little jim should love______to the theatre this evening.(nmet)
a.to be taken b.to take c.being taken d.taking.
18.______more attention,the trees could have grown better.(nmet)
a.given b.to give c.giving d.having given
19.--where______the book?i can’t see it anywhere.
--i______it right here but now it’s gone.
a.did you put;have put b.have you put;put
c.had you put;was putting d.were you putting;have put
20.he would not fail so long as he______hard the next term.
a.studied b.would study c.had studied d.studies
21.how long______the english party______?
a.has;been lasted b.did;last c.was;lasted d.will;be lasted
22.what______you______this time next friday?
a.will;do b.have;been doing c.are;doing d.will;be doing
23.hardly______the bell______when the teacher came in.
a.did;ring b.would;ring c.has;rung d.had;rung
24.it______and the streets were still wet.
a.had been raining b.rained c.had been rained d.would rain
25.the book______on the ground for ten minutes but no noe has picked it up.
a.is lying b.has lain c.lay d.has been lying
26.we______there when it______to rain.
a.were getting;would begin b.were about to get;began
c.had got;had begun d.would get;began
27.the teacher said we______ten lessons by the end of this term.
a.should have studied b.were going to study
c.have studied d.should study
28.--she told me she had met you in london last year.
--______you______her since?
a.had;met b.did;see c.would;meet d.have;seen
29.--when______again?
--when he______,i’ll let you know.
a.will he come;will come b.will he come;come
c.he comes;comes d.will he come;comes
30.tom______for more than a week.
a.has left b.had gone away c.went away d.has been away
31.--what happened to her teeth?
--she______the apple more than she could chew.
a.has bitten b.bit c.had been bitting d.bites
32.shakespeare was said______37 famous plays in his lifetime.
a.finishing writing b.to finish writing
c.having written d.to have written
33. --you’ve agreed to go.so why aren’t you getting ready?
--but i______that you______me to start at once.
a.don’t realize;want b.don’t realize;wanted
c.haven’t realized;want d.didn’t realize;wanted
34. --i missed the lecture last night.
--oh,what a pity!i wish______.
a.you heared it b.you had heard it
c.you never heard it d.you hadn’t heard it
35.i’ll return the book to the library as soon as i______it.
a.finished b.am going to finish c.will finish d.have finished
36. --your phone number again?i______quite catch it.
--it’s 9586442.(nmet)
a.didn’t b.couldn’t c.don’t d.can’t
37. --i’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--oh,not at all.i______here only a few minutes.
a.have been b.had been c.was d.will be
38.when i was at college.i______three foreign languages,but i______all except a few words of each.
a.spoke;had forgotten b.spoke;have forgotten
c.had spoedn;had forgotten d.had spoken;have forgotten
39.the new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.
a.will arrive b.arrives c.is going to arrive d.is arriving (nmet)
40. --who is jerry cooper?
--______?i saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(nmet)
a.don’t you meet him yet b.hadn’t you met him yet
c.didn’t you meet him yet d.haven’t you met him yet
41. --we could have walked to the station.it was so near.
--yes,a taxi______at all necessary.(nmet)
a.wasn’t b.hadn’t been c.wouldn’t be d.won’t be
42.we haven’t heard from jane for a long time.what do you suppose______to her?(nemt)
a.was happening b.to happen c.has haqqend d.having happened
43.on saturday afternoon,mrs green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.(nmet)
a.bought b.buying c.to buy d.buy
44.as she______the newspaper,granny______asleep.(nmet)
a.read;was falling b.was reading;fell
c.was reading;was falling d.read;fell
45.i______the bad cold for a week,still i can’t get rid of it.
a.caught b.have caught c.have d.have had
46.i______the time______so quickly.
a.didn’t realize;had passed b.don’t realize;passed
c.haven’t realized;passed d.hadn’t realized;had passed
47.--my watch______twelve o’clock.it’s so late. --let’s hurry up.
a.is said b.says c.is told d.tells
48.helen______her key in the office so she had to wait her husband_____home.(nmet)
a.has left;comes b.left;had come c.had left;came d.had left;would come
49.the pen i______i______is on my desk,right under my nose.(nmet)
a.think;lost b.thought;had lost c.think;had lost d.thought;have lost
50.--jane has just arrived. --i didn’t know she______.
a.is coming b.was coming c.had been coming d.will come
动词时态、语态专练答案
1－5 c a d d c 6－10 b b c a d 11－15 b a a c c 16－20 c a a b a
21－25 b d d a d 26－30 b a d d d 31－35 b d d b d 36－40 a a b b d
41－45 a c a b d 46－50 a b c b b
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：动词的时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
动词的时态和语态
【押题依据】动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。在单项填空题中，每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道，动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查。高考命题者常从三个角度进行命题：一是直接给定时间状语。考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断。
[押题1] -_____ mr smith ____ this week?
- no. he is on holiday.
a. has; workedb. does; workc. did; workd. is; working
【解题关键】解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境判断句子动作的一般式与进行式的用法区别。
【答案解析】根据答句he is on holiday.说明动作处于正在进行状态，而不是完成性的、过去发生的或经常性的动作，故排除选项a、b、c，选用现在进行时，答案为d。
[押题2]-got your driving license?
-no. i _____ too busy to have enough practice, so i didn’t take the driving test last week.
a. was b. am c. have been d. had been
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境中所提供的一般过去时的表示过去时间的对照点，准确判断过去完成时与一般过去时的用法区别。
【答案解析】问句中got your driving license?为have you got your driving license？现在完成时的省略表达，该句对选项无影响。决定选项动词时态的是答句中so i didn’t take the driving test last week.分析句意可知，选项动作发生在后一动作之前，表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。答案为d。
[押题3]you’d better not call the manager between 7 and 8 this evening, for he _____ an important meeting then.
a. will have b. would have c. will be having d. will have had
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解句意。根据题干中提供的时间状语来判断使用表示将来的多种时态中的哪一种。
【答案解析】根据题干中的时间状语between 7 and 8 this evening可知，选项动作是在将来某个时刻正在进行的，故应选用将来进行时， 口语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作或发生的事。答案为c。
[押题4]-how can you borrow my computer without my permission?
-oh, i ____ to tell you. i hope you don’t mind.
a. forget b. forgot c. had forgotten d. am forgetting
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据语境所提供的信息及其句子的意义，判断一般现在时及过去完成时的用法区别。
【答案解析】该句题干中没有提供任何时间状语，但从语境及句子的含义判断，选项动作表示在过去某个时间发生，所以，首先排除选项a、d，由于题干中没有表示过去时间的对照点，故再排除选项c。 答案为b。
[押题5]-will you please repeat your idea?
-certainly. but i think it certain you ____ your attention.
a. don’t pay b. didn’t pay
c. weren’t paying d. aren’t paying
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解选项动词动作所发生的时间段，区别一般时态与进行时态的用法。
【答案解析】从问话人请求对方重复已讲内容，答话人认为对方在刚才他讲话时没有注意他所讲内容可知，该选项动作强调在过去某个时刻正在进行，表示说话的当时，故应选用过去进行时。答案为c。
[押题6]-i’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. shall i have her call you when she comes back?
-no, i’ll call her back. if i call again in half an hour, do you think she ____?
a. arrives b. has arrived
c. will arrive d. will have arrived
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据语境注意区别一般将来时与将来完成时的用法。
【答案解析】一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生的动作，而将来完成时则表示将来某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作。根据该句语境及其句意可知，该句选项动作表示将来完成的动作。答案为d。
[押题7] -are we about to have dinner?
-yes, it ____ in the dinning room.
a. is serving b. is being served
c. has been serving d. serves
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于准确把握动词serve 在句中主动语态与被动语态的使用。
【答案解析】动词serve在此句中意思为“端上、摆出（饭菜）”，为及物动词。根据该句结构可知应使用被动语态，只有选项b为进行时的被动结构，其它选项均为主动形式。答案b。
[押题8]-joan was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.
-oh, really? i____. i ____ visit her.
a. didn’t know; will go to b. don’t know; will go to
c. didn’t know; am going to d. haven’t known; am going to
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据讲话人的说话意图推断动作所发生的时间点，并注意在语境中区别will 和be going to的用法。
【答案解析】分析语境及讲话人意图可知，第一空强调过去的动作，并不表示现在发生的事，故应用一般过去时；第二空应选will，表示即时决定将要做的事，而be going to表示按计划、安排要做的事。答案a。
[押题9]-don’t you feel surprised to see bruce at the meeting?
-yes. i really didn’t think she ____ here.
a. has been b. had been
c. would be d. would have been
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境准确理解选项动作所表达的时间发生点。
【答案解析】根据上下文语境可知，选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据i really didn’t think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事，故应选过去将来时。答案c。
[押题10]-why is the librarian looking so hard at me?
-you ____ to read aloud in the reading room.
a. don’t suppose b. haven’t supposed c. are not supposed d. were not supposed
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据句子含义准确判断动词suppose在句中的用法以及动词所发生的时间。
【答案解析】根据句子意思，应选用be supposed to“应该做……、被要求做……”，故排除选项a、b；分析上文情景，句中动词使用现在时形式，强调现在的状态 ，所以，再排除选项d。答案c。
[押题11]it seems water from this tap for some time. we’ll have to take it apart to put it right.
a. had leaked b. is leaking
c. leaked d. has been leaking
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握句中的时间状语for some time所强调的时间段以及所使用的动词时态。
【答案解析】根据句中时间状语for some time以及后一分句的动词时态可知，选项动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续，故应排除选项a、c。由于选项b现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用，所以排除选项b，选d现在完成进行时。答案d。
[押题12]-take this medicine three times a day, tom?
-do i have to take it? it ____ so terrible.
a. is tasting b. is tasted c. tastes d. has tasted
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解连系动词taste用主动形式表示被动的意义在句中的用法。
【答案解析】根据选项动词及其句子意思可知，taste在此用做连系动词，后接形容词作表语，在这一结构中，taste常用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义。答案c。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：动词时态语态填空题（1） (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
动词时态语态填空题（1）
1. ---has sam finished his homework today?
---i have no idea. he ____________(do) it this morning.
2. ---thank goodness, you’re here! what ___________(keep) you?
---traffic jam.
3. now that she is out of a job, lucy ________________(consider) going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
4. ― what were you doing when tony phoned you?
― i had just finished my work and _________________(start) to take a shower.
5. because the shop_______________________(close down), all the t-shirts are sold at half price.
6. he kept looking at her, wondering whether he________________ (see) her somewhere.
7. ―george and lucy got married last week. did you go to their wedding?
―no, i________________ (not invite). did they have a big wedding
8. more patients ___________________(treat) in hospital this year than last year.
9. ―you were out when i dropped in at your house.
―oh, i _________________(wait) for a friend from england at the airport.
10. －sorry to have interrupted you. please go on.
－where was i?
－you ___________________(say) you didn't like your father's job.
11. she has set a new record ,that is ,the sales of her latest book ____________________(reach) 50 million.
12. the number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people_________________ (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables.
13. according to the art dealer, the painting ____________________(expect) to go for at least a million dollars.
14. the silence of the library __________________(break) only by the sound of pages being turned over．
15. by the end of last year, another new gymnasium _________________(complete) in beijing.
16. when and where to go for the on-salary holiday_________________(not decide) yet.
17. all morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _________(grow).
18. why don't you put the meat in the fridge? it ____________(stay) fresh for several days.
19. at this time tomorrow, we ___________________ (fly)over the atlantic.
20. ---how long __________ david and vicky _____________ ? (marry)
--- for about three years.
answers:
1. was doing 2.kept
3.has been considering 4.was starting
5. is closing down 6.had seen
7. had not been invited 8. have been treated
9. was waiting 10. were saying
11. have reached 12. are persuaded
13. is expected 14.was broken
15. had been completed 16. has not been decided
17. grew 18. will stay
19.will be flying 20. have…… been
动词时态语态填空题（2）
1. --- hi, terry, can i use your computer for a while this afternoon?
--- sorry. it __________________________(repair).
2. excuse me, i ______________________(not realize) i was blocking you r way.
3. it took me a long time before i was able to fully appreciate what they __________________ (do) for me.
4. 一were you surprised by the ending of the film?
一no. i _____________________ (read) the book, so i already knew the story.
5. --guess what, we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the uk this summer.
--how nice! you ______________________________(experience) a different culture then.
6. i was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ___________________ (do) it. was it you?
7. -why, jack, you look so tired!
---well, i _______________________(paint) the house and i must finish the work tomorrow.
8. ---peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
---we _______________________ (be) busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
9. george is going to talk about the geography of his country, but i’d rather he _______________________ (focus) more on its culture.
10. joseph ________________________(go) to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “what’s your name?” in russian.
11. up to now, the program __________________________(save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
12. it is reported that many a new house _________________________(build) at present in the disaster area.
13. when i talked with my grandma on the phone ,she sounded weak, but by the time we _______________(hang) up, her voice had been full of life.
14. the book has been translated into thirty languages since it _______________(come) on the market in 1973.
15. daniel's family _________________________(enjoy) their holiday in huangshan this time next week.
16. edward, you play so well. but i _______________________(not know) you played the piano.
17. would you please keep silent? the weather report __________________________(broadcast) and i want to listen.
18. my parents have promised to come to see me before i __________________(leave) for africa.
19. this is the first time we ___________________(see) a film in the cinema together as a family.
20. she stared at the painting ,wondering where she ______________________(see) it.
21. -i’ve got to go now.
-must you? i ________________________(think) you could stay for dinner with us.
22. professor williams keeps telling his students that the future __________________(belong) to the well-educated.
answers:
1. is being repaired
2. didn’t realize
3. had done
4. had read
5. will be experiencing
6. had done
7. have been painting
8. had been
9. would focus
10. has been going
11. has saved
12. is being built
13. hung
14. came
15. will be enjoying
16. didn’t know
17. is being broadcast
18. leave
19. have seen
20. had seen
21. thought
22. belongs
动词时态语态填空题（3）
1．selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____________________(change) so rapidly.
2．i________________ (play) ping-pong quite well ,but i haven’t had time to play since the new year .
3．visitors ____________________ (request) not to touch the exhibits .
4. -you haven't said a word about my new coat, brenda. do you like it?
- i'm sorry i________________ (not say) anything about it sooner. i certainly think it's pretty on you.
5. i wonder why jenny_____________________ (not write) us recently. we should have heard from her by now.
6. he will have learned english for eight years by the time he ______________________ (graduate) from the university next year.
7. look at the timetable. hurry up! flight 4026 ________________(take) off at 18:20.
8. the little girl ___________________(cry) her heart out because she _________________(lose) her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.
9. ------excuse me, sir. would you do me a favour?
-----of course. what is it?
-----i _______________________(wonder) if you could tell me how to fill out this form.
10．nowadays with the development of our society, more and more hi-tech products ____________________________ (introduce) to our life．
11. my money _________________(run out) , so i must go to the bank to draw some of savings out before i’ve none in hand.
12. the meat price __________________(rise) in the past two months and i don’t know if it will continue.
13. my headache __________________(kill) me．i thought it was going away, but it’s getting worse and worse．
14. he would have come here on time, but he ________________(keep) by the heavy traffic on the way.
15. he ___________________(learn) more than 5,000 english words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
16. years ago we didn't know this, but recent science __________________(show) that people who don't sleep well soon get ill.
17. this new method of teaching __________________(experiment) for the time being in our school. it will be carried out all over the city.
18. --- did you hear anything strange in the building at ten last night?
--- no, i _________________(watch) a movie on the internet.
19．- has your former classmate come back from america?
- yes, he _________________ (stay) there for eight years
20．-why were you not at the concert last night？
- i ____________________ (watch) a close game between seattle sonics and miami bucks.
21. --_________ you ______________(meet) the editor at the airport?
--no, he __________________(drive) away before my arrival.
22. by the time jane gets home, her aunt ________________(leave) for london to attend a meeting.
23. about 87.5% of the chinese people feel that their living burdens are heavier than ten years ago, but their incomes __________________(increase).
24. -- i hear you have an experience in the roya1 air force. is that true？
-- yes. i ____________________ (serve) in the royal air force for six years.
25. -did you see a man in black pass by just now?
-no, sir. i __________________(read) a newspaper.
answers:
1．is changing 2．play 3．are requested 4. didn’t say 5. hasn' t written 6.graduates 7. takes 8. cried; had lost 9. was wondering 10．have been introduced 11. is running out 12. has been rising 13. is killing 14. was kept 15 . had learned
16. has shown 17. is being experimented 18. was watching 19．stayed
20．was watching 21. did; meet; had been driven 22. will have left 23. have increased 24. served 25. was reading
动词时态语态填空题（4）
1. i was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk i _________________(give)to half a dozen other groups.
2. --- where did you put the car keys?
--- oh, i ____________________ (remember)i put them on the chair because the phone rang as i ___________________ (come)in.
3. the moment the 28th olympic games ____________(declare) open, the whole world cheered.
4. although medical science ____________(achieve) control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning.
5. my cousin went to canada two yours ago. he _____________(work)there for a few months and then went to america．
6. it is said that the early european playing-cards ______________(design)for entertainment and education.
7. although the causes of cancer ________________________(uncover), we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
8. what we used to think _____________ (be) impossible now does seem possible.
9. this machine ________________ (not; work ) . it hasn’t worked for years.
10. i ______________________(live)in london for many years，but i’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to china.
11. when he turned professional at the age of 11, mike ____________________(expect) to become a world champion by his coach and parents.
12. energy drinks are not allowed ____________________(make) in australia but are brought in from new zealand.
13. -- if the traffic hadn't been so heavy, i could have been hack by 6 o'clock.
-- what a pity! tina _________________(be) here to see you.
14. scientists think that the continents _________(not;be) always where they __________(be)today.
15. -why did you leave that position?
-i ________________(offer) a better position at ibm.
16. he was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____________________(decide)that they won't support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.
17. susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn't want her parents to know what she __________________(do).
18. months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _____________(call) the pacific, and we met no storms.
19. --- what's wrong with your coat?
--- just now when i wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____________(sit) on it.
20. --- what are you going to do this afternoon?
---i am going to the cinema with some friends. the film__________________(finish) quite early, so we___________________(go) to the bookstore after that.
answers
1.had given 2.remember;was coming/came 3.were declared
4.has achieved 5.worked 6.were designed
7.are being uncovered 8.was 9.doesn’t work
10.lived 11.was expected 12.te be made
13.was 14.weren’t; are 15.was offered
16.have decided 17.was doing 18.is called
19.was sitting 20.finishes;are going
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：考点 6 动词的时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
考点 6 动词的时态和语态
1. he ______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _______.
a. went; was occurring b. went; occurred c. was going; occurred d. was going; had occurred
2. i was giving a talk to a target group of people, the same talk i to half a dozen other groups.
a. was giving b. am giving c. had given d. have given
3. the house belongs to my aunt but she __ here any more.
a. hasn’t lived b. didn’t live c. hadn’t lived d. doesn’t live
4. the moment the 28th olympic games __ open, the whole world cheered.
a. declared b. have been declared c. have declared d. were declared
5. ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. the plane .
a. takes off b. is taking off c. has taken off d. took off
6. - if the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, i couldn’t have been back by 6 o’clock.
- what a pity! tina here to see you.
a. is b. was c. would be d. has been
7. maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else such a beautiful palace.
a. can you find b. you could find c. you can find d. could you find
8. the number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables.
a. persuade b. will persuaded c. be persuaded d. are persuaded
9. now that she is out of job, lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
a. had considered b. has been considering c. considered d. is going to considered
10. i with my uncle and aunt because my parents have gone abroad for a holiday.
a. stayed b. am staying c. have stayed d. was staying
11. - what’s the weather like tomorrow?
- well, i it, for the scenic pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on.
a. was missing b. missed c. will miss d. had missed
12. - has george returned from japan yet? i’d like to meet him.
- i’m terribly sorry, but he back here only for last weekend.
a. has been b. would be c. had been d. was
13. millions of pounds’ worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north of england last night.
a. has been caused b. had been caused c. will be caused d. will have been caused
14. - why did you leave that position?
- i a better position at ibm.
a. offer b. offered c. am offered d. was offered
15. with more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.
a. is washing away b. is being washed away c. are washing away d. are being washed away
16. according to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars.
a. is expected b. expects c. expected d. is expecting
17. the hero’s story differently in the newspapers.
a. was reported b. was reporting c. reports d. reported
18. the policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which placed under the minister’s car. a. has been b. had been c. was being d. would be
19. - the christmas card mr. white? - no. it’s still on the desk.
a. has; given b. was; given c. has; been given d. will; be given
20. only when your identity has been checked, _ .
a. you are allowed in b. you will be allowed in
c. will you allow in d. will you be allowed in
21. - do you know anyone in paris?
- no, but i’ll make friends once .
a. i’m settled b. i’ll be settled c. i’ve been settled d. i had settled
22. the high standard of the nation’s literature and art widespread attention.
a. was attracted b. have attracted c. has attracted d. has been attracted
23. when the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the mountain.
a. started; had already hidden b. had started; had already hidden
c. had started; was hiding d. was starting; hid
24. scientists think that the continents _______ where they today.
a. aren’t; are b. aren’t; were c. weren’t; are d. weren’t; were
25. let’s keep to the point or we any decisions.
a. will never reach b. have never reached c. never reach d. never reached
26. that was really a splendid evening. it’s years i enjoyed myself so much.
a. when b. that c. before d. since
27. the cell phone i i is on the backseat of my car.
a. thought; had lost b. think; had lost c. thought; have lost d. think; lost
28. - alice, you looked puzzled. have you understood it?
-yes. i another problem just now.
a. have thought of b. am thinking of c. had thought of d. was thinking of
29. i toured zhangjiajie, i was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.
a. for the first time b. at first c. it was the first time d. the first time
30. my cousin went to canada two years ago. he there for a few months and then went to america.
a. worked b. would work c. would be working d. has been working
31. - hey, boy! look where you are going! - oh, i’m terribly sorry, .
a. i’m not noticing b. i wasn’t noticing c. i am not noticed d. i don’t noticed
32. all the preparations for the task , and they’re ready to start.
a. completed b. complete c. had been completed d. have been completed
33. the water cool when i joined into the pool for morning exercise.
a. was felt b. is felt c. felt d. feels
34. i think it is necessary for my 19 -year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for i sometimes want to make sure if he home for dinner.
a. come b. comes c. has come d. will come
35. it is said that the early european playing cards for entertainment and education.
a. were being designed b. have designed c. have been designed d. were designed
36. in a room above the store, where a party __ , some workers were busily setting the table.
a. was to be held b. has been held c. will be held d. is being held
37. look at the timetable. hurry up! flight 4026 off at 18:20.
a. takes b. took c. will be taken d. has taken
38. i have to go to work by taxi because my car ________ at the garage.
a. will be repaired b. is repaired c. is being repaired d. has been repaired
39. customers are asked to make sure that they the fight change before leaving the shop.
a. will give b. have been given c. have given d. will be given
40. i in london for many years, but i’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to china.
a. lived b. was living c. have lived d. had lived
41. i won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he on it for more than an hour.
a. has been working b. will have worked c. had worked d. will have been working
42. - what’s wrong with your coat?
- just now when i wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me on it.
a. sat b. had sat c. had been sitting d. was sitting
43. months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which the pacific, and we met no storms.
a. was called b. is called c. had been called d. has been called
44. - hurry up! alice and sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
- oh! i thought they without me.
a. went b. are going c. have gone d. had gone
45. he was hoping to go abroad but his parents that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.
a. were deciding b. have decided c. decided d. will decide
46. when the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the mountain.
a. started; had already hidden b. had started; had already hidden
c. had started; was hiding d. was starting; hid
47. by the time jane gets home, her aunt for london to attend a meeting.
a. will leave b. leaves c. will have left d. left
48. - why were you not at the concert last night?
- i a close game between seattle senies and miami bucks.
a. watched b. was watching c. have watched d. had watched
49. he told me that his plane __ at 5 o’clock.
a. will take off b. has taken off c. was taking off d. is taking off
50. - are you glad that you come to washington?
- yes indeed. i going to new york or boston, but i’ve never regretted my decision.
a. have considered b. am considering c. had considered d. was considering
51. you must do your homework now; you computer games all the evening.
a. have been playing b. play c. are playing d. played
52. it long before the chinese space center shenzhou vii spaceship.
a. will not be; launches b. is; will launch c. will not be; will launch d. is; launches
53. he ______ always _______ me as a child, so i can’t put up with him any longer.
a. does; treat b. /; treats c. had, treated d. is; treating
54. by the time he arrives here, we here for three months.
a. have been staying b. have stayed c. shall stay d. will have stayed
55. the little boy while watching tv. so his mother sent him to bed at once.
a. had fallen asleep b. fell asleep c. was falling asleep d. will have stayed,
56. the mother often tells her child not to get off a bus until it completely.
a. stops b. will stop c. is stopping d. has stopped
57. - i like a pen which _______ well. - will this one ?
a. is written; do b. is written; work c. writes; do d. writes; work‘
58. - what’s that unpleasant noise?
- oh, the road before the main gate .
a. is repairing b. is being repaired c. is repaired d. has been repaired
59. - hi, kim. what’s up? - i for someone to go to the movie with me.
a. look b. have looked c. looked d. am looking,
60. congratulations! i hear you a job. when will you start to work?
a. got b. have got c. will get d. had get
61. - wow, what a large crowd!
- yes, and they in the cold wind for hours; you know, george w. bush is soon to deliver his in augural (就职演说) for his second term.
a. will be waiting b. have waited c. are waiting d. have been waiting
ii. 考点小资料（动词）
1．无被动结构的特殊动词：have, own, fit, last, want, suit, fail等；
2．含被动意义的主动语态的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, prove等；
3．无进行时的动词： (1) 描写智力的：know, realize, understand, recognize, believe, feel, suppose, think, imagine, doubt, remember, forget, want, need, prefer, mean等；
(2) 描写感情状况的：love, like , appreciate, hate, dislike, fear, end, mind, care等；
(3) 表“所有，拥有”的：possess, have, own, belong等；
(4) 描写感官、官能状况的：taste, smell, sound, hear, look feel, see等；
(5) 表“存在”的：be, exist, obtain, stay等。
4．主动形式表示被动意义的情况
(1) 某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如 look，smell，taste，sound，feel，appear，prove，后面接形容词或名词做表语。如：the roses smell sweet. the theory proved true.
(2) 某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record，lock，shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等。如：your composition reads well. his voice records well.
(3) 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。如：work began at 7 o’clock this morning．the shop closes at 6 p．m．everyday．
(4) 少数动词用于进行时，主动形式表示被动含义，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。如：the books are printing. the meat is cooking. my coat is hanging behind the door.
(5) 某些不及物动词(短语)的主动形式表示被动的意义。常见的有：happen，take place，break out， belong to，go out，run out等。如： the anti -japanese war broke out in 1937. the fire went out gradually.
5．三个特殊句式的固定时态： (1) this/it is the first/second … time that从句。从句中一般用现在完成时，前面的is为was时，则用过去完成时。如：this is the first time i have come to the famous city. / it was the forth time he had made the same mistake. (2) it is/has been 一段时间 since从句。since从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是was，则since从句中用过去完成时。如：it was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time．(3) it be 一段时间 before从句。如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，意思是多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意思是多长时间后发生了某事。如：it won’t be long before he succeeds．(要不了多久他就会成功) / it was ten years before they met again．(十年后，他们又见面了)
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：高中英语动词的时态和语态训练题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高中英语动词的时态和语态专题训练题
【网络构建】
动词时态与语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架。因此时态与语态也是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。英语有十六种时态，但常考的主要有一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时及完成进行时等。语态一般不单独设题，通常结合时态进行综合考查。
（一）时态概念
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式。英语中有十六种动词时态形式，但常见的有九种，见下表：
时态名称 表示
时间 表达的意义 例 句
一
般
现在
时
现
在习惯于或经常性动作 class begins at eight every morning .
状况 he looks very pale .
瞬间动作 there comes the school bus .
过
去 描述过去的事实，以求描述的生动性 the river rises higher and higher , breaks the banks and fills all low places .
将
来 固定不变或不易变的动作或状态 tomorrow is sunday .
（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作或状态 when he arrives ,we’ll go out to meet him .
it will be 3 hours before i come back .
不受时间限制的动作或状态 the sun rises in the east .
practice makes perfect.
一
般
过
去
时
过
去 某时（或某段时间内）的动作 he traveled in france last year.
状态 he was in shenzheng some years ago .
习惯动作 when i was at college , i wrote home once a month.
先后一连串动作 he went to town ,bought some books and visited his daughter.
现在或将来 非真实的动作或状态，属虚拟语气范畴 it’s time we had supper.
if he arrived tomorrow , i should meet him at the airport.
一
般
将
来
时
将
来 某个时刻（或某段时间内）将要发生的动作，更多地用于带有条件从句的主句中 he will come next week . i’ll ask her as soon as she comes.
状态 your dress will be ready soon.
现
在 预测现在某事可能要发生了 it’s ten o’clock . mary will be in bed by now.
现在的习惯 a lion will never attack an elephant .
现在的需要 shall i help you ?
对将来的事情现在作出决定 ---which shirt do you want ?
---i’ll take the red one, please.
现
在
进
行
时
现
在 某时（或某段时间内）正在进行的动作 he is writing a letter now. she is visiting shanghai this week .
婉转口气 i’m hoping to hear from you soon.
带有感情色彩的叙述 the boy is always talking in class.
将
来 按计划一般不易变更的动作 the train is leaving at 11:00 p.m..
（在时间或条件从句中）表示将来的动作 when you are cycling along the street , don’t’ forget the traffic light.
过去进行时
过
去 某时（或时间段内）进行的动作 i was doing my homework this time last night.
故事发生的背景 the wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
带有感情色彩的叙述 he was making trouble all the time .
过去说话前不久的动作 i was telling him his mother was ill .
婉转口气 i was hoping you could help me.
过去将来时
过去 间接引用某人过去的话和想法 he warned us that the journey would be dangerous .
习惯性动作 at dusk , these old ladies would sit in rocking chairs and talk.
现
在 非真实的动作或状态 if i were you , i would study french .
客气的请求 would you mind helping me ?
愿望 i would like a cup of tea.
现
在
完
成
时
完
成
用
法 现在时间前完成的动作留下的结果或影响 he has turned off the light .
i have been to japan .
现在时间前已做的动作 he is reading the book that he has bought recently .
（在时间或条件从句中）表示在将来某个时间前先要做完的动作 i’ll return the book to you as soon as i have finished it .
未完成用法
直到现在为止尚未完成的动作 he has lived in wuhan since last summer.
过
去
完
成
时 完成用法 过去某一时刻或某一事件前完成的动作或状态 by the end of last term we had learned 3000 english words.
未完成用法 过去某一时刻或某一事件前已发生但未完成的动作 by december last year , he had worked in beijing for five years .
其他用法
表示非真实的,想象的过去动作或状态 i wish i had told him about it . if she had worked harder , she would have succeeded.
they had meant to see me off at the airport , but they got there too late.
（二） 时态的运用
1．现在时等表示将来时
【重点提示】 用现在时表示将来时往往出现在以下状语从句中：if , unless , even if 等引导的条件状语从句；when , before ; after ; once ; until ; till ; as soon as ; (the moment ;immediately )等引导的时间状语从句；no matter what/ who/ which/ when/ where/ how 或whatever/ whoever/ whenever/ wherever/ however/ whichever引导的让步状语从句。
在上述从句中如果主句是将来时（往往出现will , shall , can , must 等情态动词或祈使句），从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如：
i’ll not go to his birthday party unless i’m invited.
tell him the news as soon as he comes back .
有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作（句中带有时间状语），但限于少数动词如begin , come , leave, go arrive , start , stop , return , open , close等。如：
the meeting begins at seven .
the train starts at nine in the morning .
当主句是过去将来时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。如：
he said he would go for a holiday when he finished his work.
上述从句中还用现在完成时表示将来完成时，此时强调从句动作在主句之前发生。如：
you can’t go out until you have finished your homework .(先完成作业再出去玩。)
2．过去时在语境中的运用
【重点提示】在没有明确时间状语的情况下，考生对过去时的判定往往会失误，原因是只凭汉语直译而不看语境。语境中的过去时往往表示“刚才、刚刚”之意，暗示现在已“不再这样”。如：
i never thought he would do that .
3.现在完成时与一般过去时
【重点提示】考生很容易将现在完成时误用为一般过去时，原因是没有深刻领会“现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响”这句话的含义。一般过去时仅仅说明动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。如：
---where have you put the recorder? i can’t find it anywhere!
---i put it right here , but now it’s gone .
问句用现在完成时，表明说话者在找录音机，希望对方告诉他录音机在哪里。而答语用过去时，因为“录音机已经不见了”。“刚才”把录音机放这儿与“现在不见了”没有直接关系。
4．某些固定的句式中的时态
【重点提示】在某些固定的句式中，其时态是固定的、约定俗成的。
1） this / it is / will be the first / second ---time that 从句一般用现在完成时，若主句be动词用was ,则that 从句用过去完成时。如：
this is the first time i have come here.
it was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.
2） it is / has been 一段时间 since 从句。since 从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is 改成was ，则since 从句中用过去完成时。如：
it was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time .
3) be about to do ---when ---意为“即将------（这时）突然------”。如：
i was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.
4) be (was / were ) doing--- when ---意为“正在干------（这时）突然------”。如：
they were playing football when jack shouted in pain .
5) hardly had ---done ---when--- ; no sooner had --- done ---than---
when 和than 从句里也用过去时，表示“刚刚------就------”。如：
hardly had i got home when the rain poured down .
no sooner had the villagers left the burning building than it fell down into pieces .
6) it be 一段时间 before 从句
该句式分两种情况：若主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；若主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。如：
it wont’ be long before he succeeds.(=he will soon succeed.)
it was ten years before they met again .(=they met again ten years later.)
5.现在完成进行时
【重点提示】 现在完成进行时主要表示动作开始于过去某时，一直持续到现在，当然中间动作有时并非无停顿。事实上现在完成进行时除了表示动作“已完成”的概念外，也可以表示动作“未完成”概念，一般可换用，但口语中更倾向于用现在完成进行时。如：
he has taught english for 10 years.
也可说成: he has been teaching english for 10 years .
下列最好用现在完成进行时，因为带有一定的感情色彩。如：
where have you been ? i’ve been telephoning you the whole morning !
he’s been talking to me since this morning .
6.非延续性（终止性）动词怎样表示一段时间
【重点提示】 非延续性动词有mary , die , close , arrive , post , come , fall , leave, go , break , give , join , jump , receive, buy , borrow , become , start , begin , graduate等。这些非延续性动词如果用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的时间状语for ---, since ---连用。如：
可以说：i have bought an audi car.
不可以说：i have bought an audi car for a year.
如果要表示一段时间，句中不能用终止性动词，一定要用相应的延续性动词。如：
i have had an audi car for a year.
也可以用以下方式：
i bought an audi car a year ago .
it’s / has been a year since i bought an audi car.
二、语态
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由be动词 动词过去分词构成，时态通过be 的变化形式来体现。如：
the bridge is being built now .
he was asked a lot of questions at the meeting .
动词say , believe , report , announce , suppose ,know ,consider ,hope 等以it 作主语时用被动语态，后面接that 从句。如：
it is said that our football team has won the game .
【重点提示】 英语中有时用主动形式表示被动含义，主要有以下三种情况：谓语动词、非谓语动词和介词短语。
(一) 用谓语动词的形式表示被动含义
1． 表示状态特征的连系动词look , sound , feel ,smell , taste , prove, appear 形容词/ 名词构成的系表结构。
the steel feels cold.
his plan proved (to be )practical .
2.表示“开始”、“结束”、“运动”的动词，如begin , finish , start , open , close , stop , end , shut , run, move.
work began at 7 o’clock this morning .
the shop closes at 6 p.m. every day .
3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write ,act , sell , wash , clean ,open , cook,lock ,shut ,dry ,eat , drink.这类动词一般不单独使用，常加上一个修饰语。如：
this coat dries easily .
the pen writes smoothly.
4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动形式表示被动含义。如 ：print , build , cook , fry , hang ,make .
the books are printing .
（二）用非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动含义
1. want , need , require 作“需要”讲时，后用动名词的主动形式表被动含义，这时动名词同句子的主语之间在逻辑上有动宾关系。如：
the house needs / wants / requires repairing .
2. 形容词worth 后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义
this problem is well worth considering .
the close game is worth watching .
3. 不定式在某些形容词（difficult ,easy ,hard ,comfortable , pleasant , fit ,unfit , light , heavy ,good , safe ,dangerous ）后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动含义，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb. 如：
the question is difficult (for me )to understand .
she is easy (for people )to get along with .
4. 不定式作名词的后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语后宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动式表被动含义。如：
i have a lot of work to do this evening .
5. 在there be 句型中修饰主语的动词不定式用主动形式和被动形式皆可。在口语中多用主动形式。如：
there are many things to do / be done .
6. 不定式to let , to blame 等表示被动意义。如：
the car is to let. (汽车出租。)
（三） 介词in , on , under 等 n. 构成的介词短语表示被动意义
the house facing the lake is in the possession of john.
=the house facing the lake is possessed by john.
the question is under discussion .=the question is being discussed .
【命题趋势】
历年来高考中时态题一般要求考生能够根据上下文捕捉和体会动作发生的时间信息，充分注意题干中语境，准确判断时态，弄清句子主语和谓语之间的主动关系和被动关系；熟练掌握英语动词的各种时态，并侧重区别一般过去时与现在完成时、一般过去时与过去完成时的用法。一般来说考进行时和完成时的频率更高一点。语态一般很少单独设题，往往穿插在时态中进行综合考查，要求考生掌握各种时态的被动形式尤其是现在进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态。
【点击真题】
【例1】---sorry to have interrupted you . please go on .
---where was i ?
--- you ____ you didn’t like your father’s job. (北京春)
a. had said b. said c. were saying d. had been saying
【答案】 c。
【点拨】本题考查过去进行时与过去时及过去完成时的区别。
【解析】本题是一组对话。第二句意为“我刚才讲到哪里了？”对方回答说“你刚才正讲到你不喜欢你父亲的工作那个地方。”应该指刚才正讲到------，所以用过去进行时，选c。
【例2】 how can you possibly miss the news ?it ____ on tv all day long .
has been b. had been c. was d. will be (2004北京春)
【答案】a.
【点拨】本题考查时态用法。
【解析】从句意来看，“你怎么可能会没听到这个消息呢？电视上整天在播放该消息。” 而且句中all day long 表示该动作或状态一直在进行，因此应该用完成时态。
【例3】all morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor , her nervousness ___.
a. has grown b. is growing c. grew d. had grown (nmet)
【答案】c.
【点拨】本题考查时态用法。
【解析】 先排除a、b两项，因为从从句看，说的是过去的事，与现在无关；再排除d项，因为“她”不可能在等候医学报告之前就增加了紧张感了。故应选c表明“等候”与“增长”两个动作都在过去同时发生。
【例4】at this time tomorrow ____ over the atlantic .
a. we’re going to fly b. we’ll be flying c. we’ll fly d. we’re to fly (2003北京)
【答案】b。
【点拨】本题考查将来进行时shall (will )be 现在分词的用法。
【解析】shall (will )be 现在分词的用法可表示“纯粹的将来”，说话者仅陈述一个事实。或表示某种可能的推测，有“我料想，我估计”的含义。本题中的时间状语at this time tomorrow很明显是个将来进行时，故选b。
【例5】---____ david and vicky ____ married ?
---for about three years.
a. how long were; being b. how long have ; got
c. how long have ; been d. how long did ; get （2003北京）
【答案】c.
【点拨】本题考查1.延续性动词的用法.2.动词短语be married ,get married 的区别.
【解析】 根据回答 “for about three years .”可知应提问两人结婚(到现在)已多久了,须用现在完成时,排除a、d两项；再排除b项，get married 当作非延续性动词使用，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，不能用how long 来提问。be married 表示延续的状态，是延续性动词。
【例6】 the news came as no surprise to me .i ____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down . （2003北京）
a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know
【答案】a.
【点拨】本题考查动词时态的用法知识。
【解析】本题的第一句是关键“对于那消息我不感到惊讶”，原因就是在这之前已经知道了内容。第一句用了一般过去时，在一过去动作之前的事情，应选过去完成时。
【例7】 i ____ ping-pang quite well , but i haven’t had time to play since the new year .
a. will play b. have played c. played d. play (nmet)
【答案】d。
【点拨】该题考查动词时态。
【解析】but 后的并列分句用在现在完成时的否定表示到现在为止未完成的动作，由此可推断出一个并列分句表示的是经常性的或习惯性的动作，须用一般现在时，故答案为d。
【例8】 i arrived late ; i ____ the road to be so icy. (2004北京春)
a. wouldn’t expect b. haven’t expected
c. hadn’t expected d. wasn’t expecting
【答案】c。
【点拨】本题考查的是时态用法。
【解析】本题由两个分句组成。前一个分句用一般过去时。后一个分句中的动词expect 实际上是发生在前一个分句中动词arrived之前，指在此之前没有料到路面会那么的滑。因此应该用过去完成时。故答案选c。
【例9】selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ___ so rapidly . (nmet2001)
a. is changing b. had changed c. will have changed d. will change
【答案】a.
【点拨】本题考查动词的时态用法。
【解析】题干为一个含有原因状语动句的主从复合句，主句陈述的情况是一客观事实，原因状语从句强调一直正在进行的动作，故答案为a。又如：
don’t turn off the light because i am reading a report now.
【例10】come and see me whenever _____.
a. you are convenient b. you will be convenient
b. it is convenient to you d. it will be convenient to you (2003北京)
【答案】c。
【点拨】本题考查1.whenever “任何时间”引导的时间状语从句2.convenient 一词的用法.
【解析】 1.先排除b、d两项，因为状语从句中一般将来时需用一般现在时代替。2.convenient “方便的,合适的”,be convenient to sb.(对某人来说)如果方便的话.排除a 项.
【拓展演练】
【基础过关题】
1.---you’re drinking too much .
--- only at home .no one ___ me but you .
a. is seeing b. had seen c. saw d. sees
2.---look at the terrible situation i am in ! if only i ____ your advice .
--- don’t worry . try again .
a. follow b. would follow c. had followed d. have followed
3.the telephone ____ three times in the last hour , and each time it ____ for my father.
a. had rung ; was b. has rung ; was c. rang ; has been d. has been ringing ; is
4.---john took a photograph of you just now.
--- really ? what a pity ! i ____ .
a. didn’t look b. wasn’t looking c. hadn’t looked d. haven’t looked
5. after the class , the students went out of the classroom one by one , but only mary___.
a. left b. had left c. was leaving d. was left
6. the olympic games ____ in sydney , a city of australia.
a. were taken place b. was held c. were held d. had been held
7.the teacher told his students that they ____ to be useful men to the country .
a. were all expected b. were all expecting c. all were expected d. all expected
8.--- you’ve agreed to go , but why aren’t you getting ready ?
--- but i ____ that you ___ me to start at once .
a. don’t realize ; want b. don’t realize ; wanted
c. didn’t realize ; wanted d. haven’t realized ; want
9.will these flowers be watered _____?
a. every few days b. after hours c. within a few hours d. the other day
10.nobody knew when the fire ____ , but they knew it ____ the next morning .
a. broke out , was put out b. was broken out ; was put out
c. broke out ; put out d. was broken out ; went out
11.i have no idea what ____ while i was asleep .
a. has happened b. was happened c. happened d. had happened
12.---look !somebody has broken a glass.
--- well , it ____ me . i ___ that .
a. wasn’t ; didn’t do b. isn’t ; haven’t done c. wasn’t ; hadn’t done d. isn’t ; didn’t do
13.the thief ____ when he was stealing a wallet from a woman .
a. happened to notice b. was taken place to notice
c. was happened to be noticed d. happened to be noticed
14.---do you know anyone in paris ?
--- no , i’ll make friends once ____.
a. i’m settled b. i have settled c. i’ll be settled d. i’m settling
15.---come on , shella . i want to show you something .
--- oh, how nice of you . i ____ you ____ to bring me a gift.
a. didn’t think ; were going b. never think ; are going
c. never thought ; were going d. hadn’t thought ; were going
16.it will be a long time ___ frank ____ back from abroad .
a. before ; comes b .since ; has come c. when ; has come d. after ; came
17.---i’ve heard bob ____ from his journey to africa .
--- what about visiting him tonight ?
a. had come back b. coming back c. come back d. is back
18.unfortunately when i arrived she ____ , so we only had time for a few words .
a. just left b. has just left c. was just leaving d. had just left
19.---how do you usually go to work ?
--- if it is fine , i ___ on foot .
a. will go b. go c. have gone d. won’t go
20.he ___ and was made to repeat it .
a. didn’t understand b. didn’t be understood c. wasn’t understand d. wasn’t understood
21.the pupils here ____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.
a. kept busy doing b. keep on doing
c. have kept busy doing d. have been kept busy doing
22.---what were you doing when tom came to see you ?
--- i____ on my coat and ____ .
a) have just put ; leaving b. was put ; was left
c. had just put ; was leaving d. was putting ; left
23.---you haven’t said a word about my new coat , brenda . do you like it ?
--- i’m sorry i ___ anything about it sooner . i certainly think it is pretty on you.
a. wasn’t saying b. don’t say c. won’t say d. didn’t say
24.---i am sorry ,but i shouldn’t have been so rude to you .
--- you ____ your temper but that’s ok.
a. have lost b. had lost c. did lose d. were losing
25.---is tom still smoking ?
--- no, by next saturday he ___ for a while month without smoking a single cigarette.
a. will go b. has gone c. will have gone d. has been going
26.---what were you up to when your mother came in ?
--- i ___ for a while and ____ some reading .
a. was playing ; was going to b. played ; did
c. had played ; was going to d. had played ; did
27.---____ you ___ the editor at the airport ?
--- no , he ___ away before my arrival .
a. have ; met ; has driven b. had ; met ; was driven
c. did ; meet ; had been driven d. have ; met ; had driven
28.---what’s the matter ?
--- the shoes don’t fit properly .they ___ my feet.
a. are hurting b. will hurt c. have hurt d. are hurt
29.--- ___ betty this morning ?
--- not yet , but she is sure to be here before noon .
a. have you seen b. will you see c. do you see d. did you see
30.---alice came back home the day before yesterday .
---really ? where _____?
a. has she been b. had she been c. has she gone d. had she gone
【能力提高题】
1.i can guess you were in a hurry .you ____ your sweater inside out .
a. had wear b. were c. were wearing d. are wearing
2.i really don’t’ think rosemary will be upset , but i will go and see her in case she ___ .
a. is b. does c. will be d. has been
3.my money _. i must go to the bank to draw some of my savings out before i’ve none in hand .
a. has run out b. is running out c. has been run out d. is being run out
4.until then , i ___ for him for five hours in his office.
a. waited b. was waiting c. have been waiting d. had been waiting
5.the foreign friends you referred to ____ looking forward to ____ around our university .
a. are ; being shown b. being ; being shown c. being ; showing d. are ; be shown
6.the door ____ . better send for a workman to repair it .
a. isn’t open b. isn’t be opened c. hasn’t been opened d. won’t open
7. i don’t mind ____ alone , but i want a good book ____ .
a. leaving ;reading b. being left ; to read c. to be left ; to be read d. being left ; to be read
8.the shop assistant promised me that the material ____, and what she said ___ to be true .
a. would be dried easily ; was proved b. will be dried easily ; was proved
c. dried easily ; proved d. dried easy ; proved
9.---sorry , i ___ to post the letter for you .
--- never mind . ____ it myself after school.
a. forget ; i’d rather post b. forgot ; i’m going to post
c. forgot ; i’ll post d. forget ; i’d better post
10.---what happened to the postman ?
--- i don’t know . he ____ around here for a long time .
a. hasn’t seen b. didn’t see c. wasn’t seen d. hasn’t been seen
11.---did you write to mary last month ?
--- no , but i’ll ___ her over christmas day .
a. be seen b. be seeing c. have seen d. have been seeing
12.they said good-bye , little knowing that they ____ again.
a. were never met b. will never meet c. never met d. were never to meet
13.---don’t you know i make the decision here ?
--- ____, not until you ____ me .
a. yes , have told b. no , have told c. yes , tell d. no , are telling
14.it won’t be long before such a thing ____ again .
a. will happen b. happens c. is happened d. happened
15.the boy whom you lent the bike to ___ by a car.
a. hit b. be hit c. having been hit d. was hit
16.by the time the speaker entered the hall , all the listeners ____ .
a. had seated b. were seated c. seated d. were seating
17.we can not use the bridge now , because it ___ .
a. has been repaired b. is repairing c. is repaired d. is being repaired
18.the room ___ cool in summer and warm in winter.
a. is being felt b. is felt c. feels d. has been felt
19.in warm weather fruit and meat ____ long .
a. don’t keep b. can not be kept c. are not kept d. are not keeping
20.it’s the third time you ___ late for school this week .
a. have been b. had been c. are d. were
21. once you ___ used to the weather here , you ____ this place.
a. had got ; probably liked b. will get ; probably like
c. get ; probably liked d. get ; will probably like
22.they ____ for long when a message came .
a. had drunk b. drunk c. had not drunk d. were drinking
23.perhaps ____ several years ____ back from abroad .
a. tom is ; that he comes b. it is ; before tom will come
c. he will be ; when tom comes d. it will be ; before tom comes
24.---well , here i am at last .
--- good ! i ___ worried ___ you couldn’t be back on time .
a. got ; about that b. was ; that c. am ; whether d. am ; why
25.--- have you posted my letter?
--- sorry , i ___ all about it .
a. had forgotten b. will forget c. forgot d. forget
26.---jim has been in hospital .
---oh, really ? i ___ . ____ visit her .
a. didn’t know ; i’ll go and b. don’t know ; i have intended to
c. don’t know ; i intended to d. haven’t known ; i was going to
27.it was twelve o’clock ___ they finished the work .
a . since b. at which c. that d. when
28.---where ___ the map ?
--- i ___ it right here .
a. did you put ; have put b. have you put ; put
c. had you put ; was putting d. were you putting ; have put
29.---where do you think ___ he ___ the computer ?
--- sorry . i have no idea.
a. has ; brought b. / ; bought c. did ; buy d. had ; bought
30.---are you a visitor here ?
--- that’s right . i ___ round the world and now my dream of coming to china ___ true .
a. have traveled ; has come b. was traveling; had been come
c. am traveling ; has come d. have traveled ; has been come
【高考冲刺题】
1. i didn’t like aunt lucy , who _____ without warning and bringing us presents .
a. always turns up b. has always turned up c. was turned up d. was always turning up
2.--- did he notice you enter the room ?
--- i don’t think so . he ______ to the radio with his eyes shut .
a. listened b. was listening c. has listened d. had listened
3. --- would you like to visit the temple ?
---- if i _______ a week off.
a. will have b. had c. have had d. would have
4.---look !how long _________ like this ?
--- three weeks ! it’s usual here that rain ________ without stopping these days at sea.
a .has it rained ; pours b. has it been raining ; pours
c. is it raining ; is pouring d. does it rain ; pours
5. i ____ to help you but i was not able to spare any time .i ____ a paper last night and i’ll finish it tonight .
a. wanted ;have been writing b. have wanted ; wrote
c. had wanted ; wrote d. had wanted ; was writing
6. the price ______ , but i doubt whether it will remain so .
a. went down b. will go down c. has gone down d. was going down
7.in this experiment , they are woken up several times during the night , and asked to report what they _________ .
a. had just been dreaming b. are just dreaming c. have just been dreaming d. had just dreamt
8. i want to buy that kind of cloth because i _____ the cloth _____ well .
a. have told ; washes b. have been told ; washes c. was told ; washed d. have been told ; is washed
9. the car ran down the hill , and the driver __, according to the newspaper , to have been killed.
a. said b. was saying c. was said d. had been said
10.---was that the first time _____ you ___ england’s coast .
--- yes . it was .
a. ./ ; left b. when ; have left c. when ; had left d. / had left
11. i should have written to you earlier , but _____ rather busy recently .
a. i’ve been b. i’d been c. i’m being d. i were
12. he will phone ____ he ______ his work .
a. for the moment ; sets about b. the moment ; sets about
c. the moment ; will set about d. for the moment ; will set about
13.---kate returned home yesterday .
--- really ? where ____?
a. has she been b. had she gone c. has she gone d. had she been
14.in such dry weather , the flowers will have to be watered if they ______.
a. have survived b. are to survive c. would survive d. will survive
15. the tv sets made by our factory sell best , but 10 years ago no one could have guessed the place in the markets that they _______ .
a. were having b. were to have c. had had d. had
16.---can you give me the right answer ?
--- sorry , i ______ . would you repeat that question ?
a. hadn’t listened b. haven’t listened c. don’t listen d. wasn’t listening
17.i _____ violin lessons every two weeks , but i think i’ll make it every week from next month.
a. am having b. have had c. have d. have been having
18.---what were you doing when i phoned you yesterday evening ?
--- i ______ my homework and was starting to take a bath.
a. had just finished b. was finishing c. have already finished d. was going to finish
19.--- your baby is too thin .
--- it could gain weight , but it _____ much .
a. doesn’t eat b. didn’t eat c. hadn’t been d. couldn’t eat
20.please call again . jim ______ a bath just now .
a. has had b. was having c. is having d. has
21. ---why did you come by taxi?
--- my bike broke down last night and i ____ it repaired .
a. didn’t have b. don’t have c. won’t have d. haven’t had
22. i don’t really work here . i _____until the new secretary arrives .
a. just help out b. have just helped out c. am just helping out d. will just help out
23.you _____ television . why not do something more active?
a.always watch b. are always watching c. have always watched d. have always been watching
24.--- can you drive on the free way , mr. green ?
--- you can when you ____ a bit more skilled .
a. will get b. are getting c. will have got d. get
25. i _____ at the station half an hour ago , but the train ___ yet.
a. arrived ; hadn’t come b. was arriving ; hadn’t come
c. arrived ; hasn’t come d. had arrived ; didn’t come
26.why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? it will ___ fresh for several days .
a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed
27. the little girl _____ her heart out because she _____ her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it .
a . had cried ; lost b. cried ; had lost
c. has cried ; has lost d. cries ; has lost
28. i feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child .
a. is to blame b. is going to blame c. is to be blamed d. should blame
29.hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes .
a. lose b. will be lost c. are lost d. will lose
30. rainforests ____ and burned at such a great speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future .
a. cut b. are cut c. are being cut d. had been out
动词时态和语态（解析）
【基础过关题】
1． 答案：d。
解析：从第一句中可知，本题排除与过去时有关的b、c两项，而see 一般不用进行时，故用一般现在时。
2．答案：c。
解析：if only 在句中引导虚拟语气，在含有if only虚拟句中，不能用情态动词，根据语境这里是与过去事实相反的一种情况，所以要用过去完成时。
3． b。
解析：第一句中有in the past hour ，故用现在完成时；第二句中each time 显然是过去的时间，故选b。
4． 答案：b。
解析：先排除d项，然后从语境中可知，不在看（镜头）是指john 给我拍照时的动作，故用过去进行时。
5． 答案：d。
解析：此句中mary 是被留下来，而不是主动离开。
6． 答案：c。
解析：a项中take place 无被动语态，b项中主谓不一致，d项时态不对。
7． 答案：a。
解析：从本句意思来看,they 应指学生，与expect 之间应是被动关系。be expected to do意思是：被指望做------。
8． 答案：c。
解析：realize 不是现在的动作，而是在你提醒我之前没有意识到，故用c，主从句时态也一致。
9． 答案：c。
解析：本句用的是将来时，故排除a、d。b项中after hours 一般用于过去时态，只有c正确。within 相当于in.
10.答案：a。
解析：break out 无被动语态。put out 与fire 之间应体现被动关系。
11．答案：c。
解析：happen 无被动语态，而a项时态与while i was asleep 不符合。
12．答案：a。
解析：答句中说明 “打破杯子的不是我，我没做那事”，故用一般过去时。
13．答案：d。
解析：happen to do 表示“正好，碰巧”，无被动语态，而the thief 与notice 之间是被动关系，故选d。
14．答案：a。
解析：本题考查状语从句中时态，主句是将来时，故在once 引导的条件状语从句中用现在时表示将来时，而be settled 指生活安顿下来，故选a。
15．答案：c。
解析：原句意思是“我压根儿不曾想到你会给我带礼物来”。“没想到”当然是过去的动作，故排除b项，而d项的时态也不对；a项中didn’t think 表示“我并不认为---”与原句意思不符。第二空用were going to 表示过去将来时，与主句时态一致。
16．答案：a。
解析：it will be / was a long time before ------是个固定结构。
17．答案：d。
解析：主句中用现在完成时，若选a，主从句中时态不一致。若选b、c项表示听到bob 回来或听到bob 回来了，d项表示我听说bob从非洲回来了，heard 后省去了that ，主从句时态一致。
18．答案：c。
解析：从句意来看，我到那儿时，她还没离开，而是正要离开，故选c。
19．答案：b。
解析：一般情况下条件从句中用现在时，主句用一般将来时。但本题中问句里有usually 一词，询问的是通常的情况，故用b。
20．答案d。
解析：从后半句was made to repeat it 可知，因为他没有被听懂，故用被动语态。
21．答案：d。
解析：本题中时间状语every day in the past four weeks 表示从过去某一时间到现在的四周里每天进行的动作，故用现在完成进行时，而主语the pupil 与keep 之间是被动关系，故用be kept busy doing 结构。
22．答案：c。
解析：原句意思是“tom 来看我时我刚穿好衣服，正准备离开。”故选c。
23．答案：d。
解析：答句中用过去时表示在你征询我的意见前我没有及时说，故用d。
24．答案：c。
解析：从i shouldn’t have been so rude to you 一句可看出，对方是为自己在过去某一时候的无礼举动表示歉意，故发脾气这一动作发生在过去，但不用过去完成时或进行时，c项中用did lose 表示强调。
25．答案：c。
解析：由时间状语by next saturday 可知，时态应用将来完成时，选c。
26．答案：c。
解析：答句中for a while 暗示要用完成时，此处显然用过去完成时；第二空用过去进行时指妈妈进来时我正在看书。
27．答案：c。
解析：从答句before my arrival 可知，本题问句应用过去时，而第二空显然是指过去的过去发生的动作，故选c。
28．答案：a。
解析：用现在进行时表示现在的情况。我此时感到疼痛。
29．答案：a。
解析：句中yet 一词暗示问句应用现在完成时。
30．答案：b。
解析：alice 现已回来了，人不在外地，故不用have / has / had gone ;而本句第一分句讲alice 是前天回来的，故问的该是在前天以前上哪儿了，因此选b，用过去完成时。
【能力提高题】
1． 答案：d。
解析：因为现在你身上的毛衣里外穿反了，由此推断当时你很匆忙。
2． 答案：a。
解析：in case 引导的是条件状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用现在时，因为前边有be upset ，故用be 动词is ，后面省略upset。
3． 答案：b。
解析：从后句可知，我手头还有一点钱，但很快要用完了，故用b项，进行时表示将来时。
4． 答案：d。
解析：until then 表示到过去某一时候为止，故用过去完成时。
5． 答案：a。
解析：第一空应填主句的谓语动词，故排除b、c。第二空作介词to 的宾语；foreign friends 与show around 之间是被动关系，故选a。
6． 答案：d。
解析：本题考查的是主动语态表示被动语态的用法。动词open 表示主语的属性特征，类似的动词还有close ,read ,write , sell , wash ,dry 等，一般都用主动式表示被动含义。
7． 答案：b。
解析：mind 后接动名词，故排除c项。i 与leave 之间应体现被动关系，故在b、d中选。第二空不定式作定语，因为句中有执行read 的主语i ，故用主动式。
8． 答案：c。
解析：dry 指主语material 的属性特征，应用主动形式表示被动含义。此时它是不及物动词，故用副词修饰；第二空prove 是连系动词，所以选c。
9． 答案：c。
解析：“忘了为你寄信”是过去的动作，故用b、c。而b项中i’m going to post 表示“打算去寄”不符合上句的语境。
10．答案：d。
解析：从时间状语for a long time 可知到说话时为止很长时间邮递员未被见到了。故用现在完成时。
11．答案：b。
解析：将来进行时will / shall be doing sth. 可用于表达预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作，在一般情况下可和一般将来时换用，用将来时则显得更加委婉。
12．答案：d。
解析：was / were to do sth..表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的事。
13．答案：b。
解析：答语的含义是：“no, i don’t know it until you have told me”. till / until 从句中常用一般时或现在完成时。
14．答案：b。
解析：happen 是不及物动词，无被动语态，又由于before 引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故选b。
15．答案：d。
解析：“男孩被车撞了。”
16．答案：b。
解析：seat 是及物动词，表示“坐下”应用be seated 或seat oneself .
17．答案：d 。
解析：d项表示“正在被修复”。
18．答案：c。
解析：feel 为连系动词，作“摸上去，觉得”解，无被动语态。
19．答案：a。
解析：keep 表示“（水果、食物）保质，保持新鲜”，在此处是不及物动词。
20．答案：a。
解析：it is the first (second / third---)time that 后从句中用完成时态，主句是现在时，故从句用现在完成时。
21．答案：d。
解析：once 引导的是条件状语从句，故用现在时，主句应用将来时，因此选d。
22．答案：c。
解析：原句意思是“他们才喝了一会儿的酒，这时就捎来了口信。”came 是过去时，drink 是到came 动作为止一直进行的动作，故用过去完成时。
23．答案：d。
解析：d项是固定结构。
24．答案：b。
解析：在“here i am at last”之前“我很担心”。所以用一般过去时。be worried 后可跟that 从句，注意：在be worried about 后不可跟that 从句。
25．答案：c。
解析：对“寄信一事我忘了”，用一般过去时即可。
26．答案：a。
解析：前一空应用didn’t know 表示以前不知道，后一空为目前的决定，要去看望她，所以用will .
27.答案：d。
解析：本句中的it 是代词，指时间，when 引导的是时间状语，而不是定语从句。若选c，则应在twelve o’clock 前加介词at ,这样构成强调句式。
28．答案：b。
解析：“你把地图放在哪儿啦？”侧重我现在找不到它了，是过去的动作对现在的影响，回答是“我把它就放在这儿的。”但现在我也不知道它在哪儿。就是一个过去的动作，对现在没有影响。
29．答案：b。
解析：此句为复杂特殊疑问句，即疑问词 do you think (believe / suppose / expect / imagine 等) 其他（陈述语序）？
30．答案：c。
解析：说话时动作正在进行，come true 为不及物动词，不能用被动语态。
【高考冲刺题】
1． 答案：d。
解析：always 常与进行时连用，表示某种反复的动作，往往表示不满、责备、赞扬等。didn’t like 发生在过去，故选 d。
2． 答案：b。
解析：当时他在听收音机。
3． 答案：b。
解析：if 引导的虚拟语气的从句。
4． 答案：b。
解析：表示从过去直到现在持续不断的动作。
5． 答案：d。
解析：had wanted to do 表示过去打算做某事但没有做成，过去进行时表示过去某段时间正在做的事情。
6． 答案：c。
解析：价格到说话时已下降，故用现在完成时。
7． 答案：c。
解析：dream 是从某时开始一直延续到现在还在进行的动作。
8． 答案：b。
解析：本句还是考查主动语态表示被动语态的用法。
9． 答案：c。
解析：“据说------”在英语中可用“ it is / was said that sb. / sth. --- ”句型来表示。该句型可变成：sb. / sth. is/ was said to --- 句式。因此本句应填不定式结构，drive 与kill 之间是被动关系，故选c。
10．答案：d。
解析：固定句式。因主句为过去时，所以从句用过去完成时。
11．答案：a。
解析：recently 一词一般用在现在完成时态，故选a。
12．答案：b。
解析：the moment 可作为连词词组引导时间状语从句，并且从句中用现在时表示将来时。
13．答案：d。
解析：kate 昨天就到家了，所以打听她在此以前去哪儿，用d项。
14．答案：b。
解析：be to do 结构在条件状语从句中表示“如果想，如果要---”，故选b。
15．答案：b。
解析：were to 在此句中表示相对于十年前来说将要发生的事，相当于过去将来时。原句的意思是“十年前没有人可能会料到我们厂的电视机会在市场上占有如今这个地位。”
16．答案：d。
解析：从would you repeat that question ?一句可知“我刚才不在听”。故选d。
17．答案：d。
解析：每两周上小提琴课是到目前为止一直进行的动作，而且是反复做的习惯动作，该动词还需要延续到本月底，所以应用现在完成进行时。
18．答案：a。
解析：做完作业是在你昨晚打电话时刚完成的动作，故选a。
19．答案：a。
解析：宝宝平时一直吃得不多，所以显得太瘦。
20．答案：c。
解析：从语境来判断，本题中的just now 指此时，现在=right now 或at this moment .故用现在进行时。
21．答案：d。
解析：我自行车还没修好，因而对现在造成的影响是现在还不能用，我只好打的过来。因此本题应用现在完成时，而不用一般过去时。
22．答案：c。
解析：现在进行时指现阶段正在进行的动作。根据题意：“我只是在帮忙，直到新秘书到位为止。”故用c项。
23．答案：b。
解析：always 用于进行时表示一种感情色彩，此处表示“抱怨”。
24．答案：d。
解析：时间状语从句中用现在时表示将来时。
25．答案：c。
解析：到车站是半个小时前的动作，yet 表示到现在火车还没到，故选c。
26．答案：b。
解析：stay 在此处是连系动词。
27．答案：b。
解析：cry 是过去的动作，而lose 是在此以前的动作，故用过去完成时。
28．答案：a。
解析：be to blame 一般表示主语与blame 之间的被动关系，若选d项，应用被动语态should be blamed.
29．答案：b。
解析：条件从句中是现在时，主句应用将来时，job与lose 之间是被动关系，故选b。
30．答案：c。
解析：首先，cut 是及物动词，与主语间应体现被动关系，故排除a。 文中 “at such a great speed that they will disappear ---in the near future”,表示目前正以惊人的速度被砍伐，因此应用现在进行时的被动语态。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇8：动词时态、语态专练50题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
动词时态、语态专练50题
1.i can guess you were in a hurry.you＿＿your sweater inside out.
a.had worn b.wore c.were wearing d.are wearing
2.- we ＿＿ that you would fix the tv set this week.
- i’m sorry.i ＿＿ to, but i’ve been too busy.
a.had expected； had intended b.are expecting； had intended
c.expect； intend d.expected； intend
3.he will stop showing off, if no notice ＿＿ of him.
a.is taken b.will be taken c.takes d.has taken
4.-it is said that another new car factory＿＿now.
- yeah.it ＿＿one and a half years.
a.is building； takes b.is being built； will take
c.is built； will take d.is being built； takes
5.- i’m sorry, but i shouldn’t have been so rude to you.
- you ＿＿ your temper but that’s ok.
a.have lost b.had lost c.did lose d.were losing
6.- why? tom, your shirt is so dirty!
- mum, i ＿＿ my storeroom downstairs。
a.cleaned b.have worked c.was cleaning d.have been cleaning
7.they won’t buy new clothes because they＿＿money to buy a color tv set.
a.save b.are saving c.has saved d.were saving
8.good heavens! there you are! we＿＿anxious about you, and we ＿＿you back throughout the night.
a.are； expect b.were； had expected
c.have been；were expecting d.are； were expecting
9.i’ve finally finished my paper and it ＿＿ me an entire month.
a.takes b.took c.was taken d.had taken
10.the traffic in our city is already good and it ＿＿even better.
a.gets b.got c.has got d.is getting
11.- has jack finished his homework yet?
- i have no idea；he ＿＿it this morning.
a.was doing b.had been doing c.has done d.did
12.- i will come to attend your lecture at 10：00 tomorrow.
- i’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and i＿＿my guests in my office.
a.is being met b.will meet c.will be meeting d.will have met
13.- alice came back home the day before yesterday.
- really ? where ＿＿ ?
a.has she been b.had she been c.has she gone d.had she gone
14.john and i＿＿friends for eight years.we first got to know each other at a christmas party.but we＿＿ each other a couple of times before that.
a.had been； have met b.have been； have met
c.had been； had met d.have been； had met
15.i ＿＿ ping-pong quite well, but i haven’t had time to play since the new year.
a.will play b.have played c.played d.play
16.i’ve won a holiday for two to florida.i ＿＿ my mum.
a.take b.am taking c.have taken d.will have taken
17.- you haven’t said a word about my new coat,brenda.do you like it?
- i’ m sorry i ＿＿ anything about it sooner.i certainly think it’ s pretty on you.
a.wasn’t saying b.don’t say c.won’t say d.didn’t say
18.- where ＿＿?
- i got stuck in the heavy traffic.i ＿＿ here earlier.
a.did you go； had arrived b.have you been； would have been
c.were you； would come d.are you； was
19.i know mr brown；we ＿＿ to each other at an international conference.
a.are introduced b.have been introduced
c.were introduced d.had been introduced
20.-where do you think＿＿he＿＿the computer?
- sorry.i have no idea.
a.has ； bought b.／ ； bought c.did ； buy d.had ； bought
21.- i＿＿to a party, but i’ ve got nothing to wear.
- why don’t you have a dress made for the party?
a.was asked b.will ask c.have asked d.have been asked
22.i didn’t like aunt lucy, who＿＿without warning and bringing us presents.
a.always turned up b.has always turned up
c.was always turning up d.was always turned up
23.- what do you think of this kind of tv set,which ＿＿ in shanghai?
- well, i don’ t care such things.
a.was made b.is made c.has been made d.had been made
24.- tom, did mr.li join you in your discussion?
- no, he＿＿, but he happened to have fallen ill.
a.would like to b.will c.was to have d.was going to join
25.- did he notice you enter the room?
- i don’ t think so.he＿＿to the radio with his eyes shut.
a.listened b.was listening c.has listened d.had listened
26.the plane ＿＿ at 7：00 p.m., so i have to be at the airport by 6：40 at the latest.
a.has left b.is to leave c.will have left d.leaves
27.the train ＿＿＿＿＿ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight.
a.went b.is going c.goes d.will be going
28.look at this ! i＿＿some magazines and＿＿this letter.
a.was looking through； found b.am looking through； find
c.looked through； had found d.had looked through； finding
29.- ＿＿you ＿＿ the editor at the airport?
- no, he ＿＿ away before my arrival.
a.have...met； has driven b.had...met； was driven
c.did...meet； had been driven d.have...met； had driven
30.- can you give me the right answer?
- sorry, i＿＿.would you repeat that question?
a.hadn’t listened b.haven’t listened c.don’t listen d.wasn’t listening
31.i used to drink a lot of tea but these days i ＿＿coffee.
a.prefer b.preferred c.have preferred d.am preferring
32.- was the driving pleasant when you went to mexico last summer?
- no, it ＿＿ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
a.was raining b.had been raining c.would be raining d.rained
33.the vegetables didn’t taste very good.they＿＿too long.
a.had been cooked b.were cooked c.had cooked d.cooked
34.- remember the first time we met, jim?
- of course i do.you ＿＿ in the library.
a.were reading b.had read c.have read d.read
35.i want to buy that kind of cloth because i ＿＿ the cloth ＿＿ well.
a.have told； washes b.have been told； washes
c.was told； washed d.have been told； is washed
36.- what were you up to when your parents came in?
- i＿＿for a while and＿＿some reading.
a.was playing； was going to do b.played； did
c.had played； was going to do d.had played； did
37.- sorry, i forget to post the letter for you.
- never mind, ＿＿ it myself tonight.
a.i’m going to post b.i’ve decided to post c.i’ll post d.i’d rather post
38.i should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but ＿＿.
a.i’m not invited b.i was not invited
c.i have not been invited d.i had not been invited
39.- is tom still smoking ?
- no.by next saturday he ＿＿ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.
a.will go b.will have gone c.will have been d.has been going
40.all but one＿＿take part in the conference＿＿tomorrow.
a.is going to； that is to take place b.are going to； that is about to take place
c.are going to； that is to be taken place d.are going to； which is to be held
41.- are you a visitor here?
- that’s right.i＿＿round the world and now my dream of coming to china＿＿true.
a.have traveled； has come b.was traveling； had been come
c.am traveling； has come d.have traveled； has been come
42.- ＿＿ betty this morning?
- not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.
a.have you seen b.will you see c.do you see d.did you see
43.jim talked for about half an hour yesterday.never＿＿ him talk so much.
a.i heard b.did i hear c.i had heard d.had i heard
44.the children ＿＿very quiet；i wonder what they ＿＿up to.
a.were； are being b.are being；are c.are；do d.are being；do
45.- look at the black clouds.it ＿＿ soon.
- sure.if only we ＿＿out.
a.is raining； didn’ t come b.is to rain； won’ t start
c.will rain； haven’ t started d.is going to rain； hadn’ t come
46.he ＿＿articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he ＿＿about forty articles.
a.has been writing； has written b.has been writing； wrote
c.is writing； has been writing d.has written； has written
47.she ＿＿ to the office than she got down to writing the report.
a.has no sooner got b.had hardly got
c.no sooner got d.had no sooner got
48.when he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge ＿＿from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.
a.was coming b.had come c.comes d.would come
49.in this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they＿＿.
a.had just been dreaming b.are just dreaming
c.have just been dreaming d.had just dreamt
50.-what’ s the matter?
- the shoes don’ t fit properly.they＿＿＿＿my feet.
a.are hurting b.will hurt c.have hurt d.are hurt
动词时态、语态专练50题参考答案及简析
1.d。can guess 这一现在猜测是建立在眼前所见情景的基础上的，故用现在进行时。
2.a。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等动词的过去完成式可表示过去未曾实现的想法、愿望、打算等。
3.a。如主句用将来时，在时间、条件和让步状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。又因if 从句是take notice of...的被动语态结构，故选a。
4.b。根据主语与build之间的被动关系和now， 可知要选现在进行时的被动语态；因工厂正在修建，花费一年半应指将来。
5.c。shouldn’ t have done 表示“过去本不应……”。you did lose your temper 是you lost your temper 的强调形式。
6.d。现在完成进行时表示从过去某时到现在一直在进行的动作。
7.b。句意为：他们（现在）不愿买新衣服，因为他们在攒钱买电视。由此可见，攒钱是现阶段正在进行的动作。
8.c。担心是从过去某时到说话时为止一直在进行的动作，用现在完成时；expect 是在过去某一段时间里（整个晚上）正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时。
9.b。论文已完成，花费一个月时间应指过去；某事花费某人多少时间用sth.takes sb.some time 结构。
10.d。交通现在已经好了，在此基础上正在变得更好。 11.a。题干没有构成“过去的过去”，不可选b。如选c、d则表示动作已完成，与have no idea相矛盾。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作，不涉及结果，正好附合题干语境。
12.c。by then 是指将来的时间状语，排除a。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十点钟时将正在进行的动作。
13.b。问句问的是前天回来之前去了哪儿，故用过去完成时。注意had gone表示人未回来，与第一句相矛盾。
14.d。for＋时间段表示从过去某时延续至今的动作或状态，用现在完成时；meet发生在got to know 这一过去动作之前，用过去完成时。
15.d。用一般现在时表示现在的特征或状态。
16.b。come, go, leave, arrive, take 等动词常用进行时表砂将来。
17.d。表示过去没有做某事应用去时。又因句子没有“过去正在进行 ”之意，帮排除a。
18.b。问对方“去了哪里”，指的是从过去某时到现在为止的动作，用现在完成时；第二个空格是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气和主句，条件状语从句if i hadn’ t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。
19.c。在一个国际会议上被介绍显然发生在过去。
20.b。此句为复杂特殊疑问句结构，即“疑问词＋do you think (believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陈述语序）?”。
21.d。由but 分句中的现在时和答语所提建议内容，可知应选现在完成时的被动语态。22.c。 always, often, constantly, forever, all the time 等副词与现在（过去）进行时连用，表示某种反复发生的动作，往往带有厌恶、不满、责备或赞扬等意味。
23.b。这种电视产于上海是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
24.c。c项是was to have joined us in our discussion 的省略形式。was／were ＋ to have done表示原来计划、安排要做的事，而实际上并没有做。
25.b。当时他在听收音机。
26.d。表示按时刻表或日程安排要发生的事,应用一般现在时。
27.d。从句用的是一般现在时，故主句要用将来时。将来进行时表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作。
28.a。look at this!说明东西已找到。紧接着说是怎样找到的。
29.c。根据答语，问句中的meet是过去发生的动作，可排除a、d。但不能选b，因为没有构成“过去的过去”。答语中用过去完成时的被动语态表示在我到达（过去动作）之前他已被人用车接走。
30.d。“没听”发生在对方（过去）问问题时，故用过去进行时。
31.a。此题选a表示现在的特征或状态。prefer属表示心理状态的动词，不能用于进时。32.b。表示在过去某一动作之前一直在进行，并有可能继续下去的动作，要用过去完成进行时。
33.a。cook发生在didn’ t taste very good 之前，且与主语之间有被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
34.a。read 发生在the first time we met之时, 故用过去进行时。
35.b。动词wash, lock, sell, wear, write read, open, shut, clean等动词的主语是物，且又表示主语的特征或状态时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。
36.c。play 在came in 之前已完成，而do some reading 的动作则即将开始。
37.c。will／shall ＋v.表示临时的决定，而be going to 表示已决定或安排要做的事。38.b。would ／ should like ＋ to have done表示过去未曾实现的愿望，故“未受邀请”应用一般过去时的被动语态。
39.b。by 后跟将来的时间状语时，主句要用将来完成时。go without 意为“在缺……的情况下对付”。
40.d。all but one 主语是all，且all在此指人，故谓语动词用复数；take place 属不及物动词短语，无被动语态；be about to后面不能跟具体的时间状语。
41.c。由对话情景可知，“周游世界”是现在正在进行的动作，而“实现”是到说话时为止已完成的动作；come true不能用于被动语态。
42.a。询问到说话时为止一段时间内某动作是否发生，要用现在完成时。
43.d。hear 发生在talked这一过去动作之前；never是含有否定意义的副词，放在句首时，句子应用倒装语序。
44.b。be用于进行时可表示一个暂时的特点或表现。what they are up to相当于what they are doing。
45.d。根据目前迹象判断将要发生的动作用be going to；if only 意为“但愿”，其后的句子用虚拟语气。
46.a。由these three years可知应选现在完成进行时，表示“写”从过去一直延续至今，并有可能继续下去；“写了40 篇”用现在完成时，表示到现在为止已完成的动作。 47.d。no sooner...than和hardly(scarcely)...when 均表示“一……就……”，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
48.c。宾语从句表示的是客观事实。
49.c。dream是从过去某时开始一延续到are woken up...and asked to report...这一现在动作之前的动作，故用现在完成进行时。
50.a。由what’ s the matter 和don’ t fit 可知，hurt是现在正在进行的动作。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇9：法和词汇考点祥解----动词时态和语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
法和词汇考点祥解----动词时态和语态
【命题依据】动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，而且测试的难度也在逐年加大。在单项填空题中，每年考查动词时态的题不少于两道，动词的语态常和时态放在一起考查。高考命题者常从三个角度进行命题：一是直接给定时间状语。考生能直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出正确判断。
[例题1] -_____ mr smith ____ this week?
- no. he is on holiday.
a. has; workedb. does; workc. did; workd. is; working
【解题关键】解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境判断句子动作的一般式与进行式的用法区别。
【答案解析】根据答句he is on holiday.说明动作处于正在进行状态，而不是完成性的、过去发生的或经常性的动作，故排除选项a、b、c，选用现在进行时，答案为d。
[例题2]-got your driving license?
-no. i _____ too busy to have enough practice, so i didn’t take the driving test last week.
a. was b. am c. have been d. had been
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境中所提供的一般过去时的表示过去时间的对照点，准确判断过去完成时与一般过去时的用法区别。
【答案解析】问句中got your driving license?为have you got your driving license？现在完成时的省略表达，该句对选项无影响。决定选项动词时态的是答句中so i didn’t take the driving test last week.分析句意可知，选项动作发生在后一动作之前，表示过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。答案为d。
[例题3]you’d better not call the manager between 7 and 8 this evening, for he _____ an important meeting then.
a. will have b. would have c. will be having d. will have had
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解句意。根据题干中提供的时间状语来判断使用表示将来的多种时态中的哪一种。
【答案解析】根据题干中的时间状语between 7 and 8 this evening可知，选项动作是在将来某个时刻正在进行的，故应选用将来进行时， 口语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的动作或发生的事。答案为c。
[例题4]-how can you borrow my computer without my permission?
-oh, i ____ to tell you. i hope you don’t mind.
a. forget b. forgot c. had forgotten d. am forgetting
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据语境所提供的信息及其句子的意义，判断一般现在时及过去完成时的用法区别。
【答案解析】该句题干中没有提供任何时间状语，但从语境及句子的含义判断，选项动作表示在过去某个时间发生，所以，首先排除选项a、d，由于题干中没有表示过去时间的对照点，故再排除选项c。 答案为b。
[例题5]-will you please repeat your idea?
-certainly. but i think it certain you ____ your attention.
a. don’t pay b. didn’t pay
c. weren’t paying d. aren’t paying
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解选项动词动作所发生的时间段，区别一般时态与进行时态的用法。
【答案解析】从问话人请求对方重复已讲内容，答话人认为对方在刚才他讲话时没有注意他所讲内容可知，该选项动作强调在过去某个时刻正在进行，表示说话的当时，故应选用过去进行时。答案为c。
[例题6]-i’m sorry, but the boss isn’t here yet. shall i have her call you when she comes back?
-no, i’ll call her back. if i call again in half an hour, do you think she ____?
a. arrives b. has arrived
c. will arrive d. will have arrived
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据语境注意区别一般将来时与将来完成时的用法。
【答案解析】一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生的动作，而将来完成时则表示将来某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作。根据该句语境及其句意可知，该句选项动作表示将来完成的动作。答案为d。
[例题7] -are we about to have dinner?
-yes, it ____ in the dinning room.
a. is serving b. is being served
c. has been serving d. serves
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键在于准确把握动词serve 在句中主动语态与被动语态的使用。
【答案解析】动词serve在此句中意思为“端上、摆出（饭菜）”，为及物动词。根据该句结构可知应使用被动语态，只有选项b为进行时的被动结构，其它选项均为主动形式。答案b。
[例题8]-joan was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.
-oh, really? i____. i ____ visit her.
a. didn’t know; will go to b. don’t know; will go to
c. didn’t know; am going to d. haven’t known; am going to
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据讲话人的说话意图推断动作所发生的时间点，并注意在语境中区别will 和be going to的用法。
【答案解析】分析语境及讲话人意图可知，第一空强调过去的动作，并不表示现在发生的事，故应用一般过去时；第二空应选will，表示即时决定将要做的事，而be going to表示按计划、安排要做的事。答案a。
[例题9]-don’t you feel surprised to see bruce at the meeting?
-yes. i really didn’t think she ____ here.
a. has been b. had been
c. would be d. would have been
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据上下文语境准确理解选项动作所表达的时间发生点。
【答案解析】根据上下文语境可知，选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据i really didn’t think可以判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事，故应选过去将来时。答案c。
[例题10]-why is the librarian looking so hard at me?
-you ____ to read aloud in the reading room.
a. don’t suppose b. haven’t supposed
c. are not supposed d. were not supposed
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据句子含义准确判断动词suppose在句中的用法以及动词所发生的时间。
【答案解析】根据句子意思，应选用be supposed to“应该做……、被要求做……”，故排除选项a、b；分析上文情景，句中动词使用现在时形式，强调现在的状态 ，所以，再排除选项d。答案c。
[例题11]it seems water from this tap for some time. we’ll have to take it apart to put it right.
a. had leaked b. is leaking
c. leaked d. has been leaking
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握句中的时间状语for some time所强调的时间段以及所使用的动词时态。
【答案解析】根据句中时间状语for some time以及后一分句的动词时态可知，选项动词动作强调到现在为止并仍在继续，故应排除选项a、c。由于选项b现在进行时不可与一段时间状语连用，所以排除选项b，选d现在完成进行时。答案d。
[例题12]-take this medicine three times a day, tom?
-do i have to take it? it ____ so terrible.
a. is tasting b. is tasted c. tastes d. has tasted
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解连系动词taste用主动形式表示被动的意义在句中的用法。
【答案解析】根据选项动词及其句子意思可知，taste在此用做连系动词，后接形容词作表语，在这一结构中，taste常用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义。答案c。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇10：高三英语复习与训练十二一--动词的语态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高三英语复习与训练十二一--动词的语态
12. 动词的语态
语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。
注意：1）感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加“to”。例如：
the teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老师逼我走出教室。
-->i was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）.
we saw him play football on the playground. 我们看见他在草场踢球。
-->he was seen to play football on the playground.
2）情态动词 be 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：
coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。
12.1 let 的用法
1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如：
they let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。
--->the strange was let go.
2）当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。例如：
the nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。
---->i was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
12.2 短语动词的被动语态
短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：
my sister will be taken care of by grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。
such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。
12.3 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如：
it is said that… 据说
it is reported that… 据报道
it is believed that… 大家相信
it is hoped that… 大家希望
it is well known that… 众所周知
it is thought that… 大家认为
it is suggested that… 据建议
it is taken granted that… 被视为当然
it has been decided that… 大家决定
it must be remember that… 务必记住的是
12.4 不用被动语态的情况
1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread,
stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。
例如：after the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。
比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
（错） the price has been risen.
（对） the price has risen.
（错） the accident was happened last week.
（对） the accident happened last week.
（错） the price has raised.
（对） the price has been raised.
（错） please seat.
（对） please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：
this key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。
your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。
3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：it sounds good. 听上去不错。
4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：
she dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。
5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：
（对） she likes to swim.
（错） to swim is liked by her.
12.5 主动形式表示被动意义
1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：
the book sells well. 这本书销路好。
this knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：
i was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。
much work remains. 还有许多活要干。
3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：
the door needs repairing.= the door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
this book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
4）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如：
explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。
12.6 被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）,
get married等。例如：
he is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：
he married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。
he got married to a rich girl.
12.7 need/want/require/worth
当 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。例如：
your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
the floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。
典型例题
the library needs___, but it'll have to wait until sunday.
a. cleaning b. be cleaned c. clean d. being cleaned
答案a. need （实意） n /to do，need （情态） do，当为被动语态时，还可need doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选a。如有to be cleaned 则也为正确答案。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇11：高考英语陷阱题总结--动词时态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--动词时态
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “i _____ his telephone number.” “i have his number, but i ____ to bring my phone book.”
a. forget, forget b. forgot, forgot
c. forget, forgot d. forgot, forget
【陷阱】容易误选a，认为“忘记”是现在的事。
【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上（注意句中的转折连词 but），故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应c.请再看一例：
- oh, i ______ where he lives.
- don’t you carry your address book？
no, i ______ to bring it.
a. forget, forget b. forgot, forgot
c. forget, forgot d. forgot, forget
答案选c，理由同上。
2. i had hoped to see her off at the station, but i _____ too busy.
a. was b. had been
c. would be d. would have been
【陷阱】容易误选b或d，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用b或d与之呼应。
【分析】但正确答案为a，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题（答案均为a）：
（1） we had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.
a. found b. had found
c. would find d. would have found
（2） we had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.
a. didn’t b. hadn’t
c. needn’t d. would not have
（3） we had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.
a. had b. had had
c. would have d. would have had
（4） i had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and i couldn’t get away.
a. called b. had called
c. would call d. would have called
（5） the traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.
a. was b. is
c. were d. had been
3. dear me！ just _____ at the time！ i _____ no idea it was so late.
a. look, have b. looking, had
c. look, had d. looking, have
【陷阱】此题容易误选d，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。
【分析】其实，此题应选c，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。
4. “your phone number again？ i _____ quite catch it.” “it’s 4331577”
a. didn’t b. couldn’t
c. don’t d. can’t
【陷阱】此题容易误选c，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选a，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：
（1） “mr smith isn’t coming tonight.” “ but he _____.”
a. promises b. promised
c. will promise d. had promised
答案选b，“他答应（要来）”应发生在过去。
（2） “hey, look where you are going！” “oh, i’m terribly sorry. _____.”
a. i’m not noticing b. i wasn’t noticing
c. i haven’t noticed d. i don’t notice
答案选b，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。
（3） “oh it’s you！ i ________ you.” “i’ve had my hair cut.”
a. didn’t realize b. haven’t realized
c. didn’t recognize d. don’t recognized
答案选c.“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。
（4） “what’s her new telephone number？” “oh, i _____.”
a. forget b. forgot
c. had forgotten d. am forgetting
此题应选a，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。
（5） “since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready？” “but i ______ that you would have me start at once.”
a. don’t realize b. didn’t realize
c. hadn’t realized d. haven’t realized
答案选b.“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。
（6） “it’s twelve o’clock, i think i must be off now.” “oh, really？ i ______ it at all.”
a. don’t realize b. haven’t realized
c. didn’t realize d. hadn’t realized
答案选c.“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。
5. mr smith ______ a book about china last year but i don’t know whether he has finished it.
a. has written b. wrote
c. had written d. was writing
【陷阱】容易误选b或c.
【分析】此题应选d，这是由 but i don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选b.但若选b，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。
6. he has changed a lot. he _______ not what he _______.
a. is, is b. was, was
c. is, was d. was, is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选c，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：
“what place is it？” “haven’t you found out we _____ back where we ______？”
a. were, had been b. have been, are
c. are, were d. are, had been
答案选c，we are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。
7. he is very busy. i don’t know if he _____ or not tomorrow.
a. come b. comes
c. will come d. is coming
【陷阱】此题容易误选b.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选c，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句（即if≠如果），而是宾语从句（即if＝是否），句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：
（1） i don’t know if she _____, but if she ____ i will let you know.
a. comes, comes b. will come, will come
c. comes, will come d. will come, comes
答案选 d，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。
（2） “when _____ he come？” “i don’t know, but when he _____, i’ll tell you.”
a. does, comes b. will, will come
c. does, will come d. will, comes
答案选 d，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。
（3） “when he _____ is not known yet.” “but when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”
a. comes, comes b. will come, will come
c. comes, will come d. will come, comes
答案选 d，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。
8. the bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.
a. is dated from b. was dated from
c. dates from d. dated from
【陷阱】此题容易误选b或d，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选d.
【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是c，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”（＝have existed since），它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态（尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间）。如：
the church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。
the castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。
但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：
the church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。
注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。
9. “you’ve left the light on.” “oh, so i have. _____ and turn it off.”
a. i’ll go b. i’ve gone
c. i go d. i’m going
【陷阱】容易误选d.
【分析】a和d两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有a是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will.比较：
“i’ve come out without any money.” “never mind, i will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应）
i’ve bought a typewriter and i’m going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机）
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. look at that little boy wandering about - perhaps he _____ his mother.
a. will lose b. is losing
c. had lost d. has lost
2. it’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain.
a. don’t go b. hadn’t gone
c. didn’t go d. wasn’t going
3. i _____ for five minutes； why don’t they come？
a. am calling b. called
c. was calling d. have been calling
4. you _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait.
a. will miss b. have missed
c. are missing d. had missed
5. we _____ to move but are still considering where to go to.
a. are deciding b. decided
c. have decided d. had decided
6. i left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone； who _____ it？
a. took b. has taken
c. will take d. had taken
7. they won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car.
a. save b. were saving
c. have saved d. are saving
8. i _____ your last point - could you say it again？
a. didn’t quite catch b. don’t quite catch
c. hadn’t quite catch d. can’t quite catch
9. you’ll never guess who i met today - my old teacher！ we _____ for 20 years.
a. don’t meet b. haven’t met
c. hadn’t met d. couldn’t meet
10. i feel sure i _____ her before somewhere.
a. was to meet b. have met
c. had met d. would meet
11. they haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment.
a. are expected b. have expected
c. are expecting d. will expect
12. i think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre； i’m sure he _____ abroad all week.
a. is b. was
c. has been d. had been
13. the students _______ busily when miss brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.
a. had written, left b. were writing, has left
c. had written, had left d. were writing, had left
14. i tried to phone her, but even as i _____ she was leaving the building.
a. phoned b. would phone
c. had phoned d. was phoning
15. “i suppose you _____ that report yet？” “i finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”
a. didn’t finish b. haven’t finished
c. hadn’t finished d. wasn’t finishing
16. -didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank？
-no, he _______ in the other direction.
a. was looking b. had looked
c. looked d. is looking
17. how can you possibly miss the news？ it _______ on tv all day long.
a. has been b. had been
c. was d. will be
18. “i thought you might have got drunk.” “yes, i ______.”
a. almost have b. almost had
c. almost did d. might have
19. you ______ television. why not do something more active？
a. always watch b. are always watching
c. have always watched d. have always been watching
20. “i took part in the toefl. it was really hard.” “did you ______ a lot？”
a. have you studied b. did you study
c. had you studied d. do you study
21. “what’s your opinion on the matter, please？” “oh, sorry, i _______.”
a. wasn’t to listen b. haven’t listened
c. wasn’t listening d. hadn’t listened
22. “aha, you’re a chain smoker！” “only at home. nobody _______ that but you.”
a. discovered b. had discovered
c. discovers d. is discovering
23. the telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.
a. had rang； was b. has rung； was
c. rang； has been d. has been ringing； is
24. the thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed.
a. has held b. had held
c. was holding d. would hold
25. when i arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words.
a. just went away b. had gone away
c. was just going away d. has just gone away
26. “john took a photograph of you just now.” “oh, really？ i ______.”
a. didn’t know b. wasn’t knowing
c. don’t know d. haven’t known
27. “mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “it’s a shame！ he _______！”
a. promises b. promised
c. will promise d. had promised
28. please call again. jim _______ a bath just now.
a. has had b. was having
c. is having d. has
29. “was andrew there when you arrived？” “yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.”
a. had gone b. has gone
c. is going d. went
30. “where is mother.” “she is in the kitchen. she _______ the housework all morning.”
a. is doing b. was doing
c. has done d. has been doing
31. the books, ________ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ________.
a. included； were b. to include； are
c. including； were d. including； are
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选d.根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象，推知他可能是找不到妈妈了。用现在完成时表示结果。
2. 选c.句意为“好在我们（刚才）没有去公园，因为天（现在）已经开始下雨了”。
3. 选d.用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。
4. 选b，用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是：你只能等。
5. 选c.用现在完成时表示影响。
6. 选b.用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。
7. 选d.用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
8. 选a.从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）。
9. 选b.用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。
10. 选b.before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。
11. 选c.用现在进行时表示目前的一种状态。
12. 选c.用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。
13. 选d.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
14. 选d.注意even as 的意思，它表示“正当……的时候”或“恰当……的时候”。
15. 选b.注意下文语境--事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空处应填现在完成时态。
16. 选a.表示当时正在进行的动作。
17. 选a.表示目前一种持续的状态。
18. 选c.句中的 might have got drunk是对过去情况的推测，故答句所指的情况也应在过去，故选c.
19. 选b.always 与进行时态连用，可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感情色彩。
20. 选c.根据took的时态可知，“参加托福考试”发生在过去；而对方问“是否努力学习过？”这肯定问的是参加考试以前的事，故用过去完成时。
21. 选c.“没听”肯定是刚才的事，所以应用过去时态。
22. 选c.答句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。
23. 选b.按英语语法，“in the last [past] 一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。
24. 选c.用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。
25. 选c.由于下文说we had only time for a few words，说明“经理”正准备离开。
26. 选a.“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事，故用一般过去时。
27. 选b.根据语境，他“答应”发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
28. 选c.just now 有两个意思：一是表示“刚才”，此时just now 为习语；二是表示“现在”、“眼前”、“就在此时”，此时 just 意为“正好”、“恰好”，用以修饰副词now.根据句子语境，句中的 just now 应取上面的第二个意思。
29. 选d.andrew“回家”发生在你见到他（发生在过去）之后不久。
30. 选 d.现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一直在持续的动作。
31. 选 c.第一空including不填 included，因为其后带有宾语；第二填 were，是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇12：非谓语动词练习(人教版高考复习英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词练习
( )1. she reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock.
a. to have rested b. resting c. to rest d. rest
( )2. do you know the boy _______ under the big tree?
a. lay b. lain c. laying d. lying
( )3. you’d better ______ your bike _____ at once. it is monday tomorrow, you know.
a. to have, mend b. have, mended c. have, to mend d. to have, mended
( )4. --- look! the lights in the classroom are still on.
--- oh, i forgot _______.
a. turning them off b. turn them off c. to turn them off d. having turned them off
( )5. “can’t you read?” the officer said _______ to the notice.
a. angrily pointing b. and point angrily c. angrily pointed d. point angrily
( )6. the computer center, _______ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
a. open b. opening c. having opened d. opened
( )7. the policeman warned the young man _______ after drinking.
a. never to drive b. to never drive c. never driving d. never drive
( )8. --- what’s the language _______ in new zealand?
--- english.
a. speaking b. spoken c. be spoken d. to speak
( )9. he didn’t feel like _______ out for a walk, because he had caught a cold.
a. to go b. goes c. gone d. going
( )10. paul doesn’t have to be made _______. he always works hard.
a. learn b. to learn c. learned d. learning
( )11. the house is not big enough for us all _______.
a. to live in b. to be lived in c. to live d. for living in
( )12. a clock is made for _______ us the time.
a. tell b. telling c. to tell d. tells
( )13. you’d better _______ at home all the time. it’s bad for your health.
a. don’t stay b. no to stay c. not stay d. not staying
( )14. the students are busy _______ ready for the exam now.
a. getting b. get c. got d. to get
( )15. the mother asked the boy _______ down the ladder, but he went on _______ instead.
a. come; climbing b. to come; to climb c. to come; climbing d. coming; climbing
( )16. is there any time _______ to the museum?
a. going b. to go c. goes d. gone
( )17. the teacher asked the students to close the windows _______ the wind from _______ the papers away.
a. to stop; blowing b. stopping; blowing c. to stop; blow d. stopped; blow
( )18. a bird was seen _______ into the classroom yesterday.
a. flew b. to fly c. fly d. was flying
( )19. we should do as much as we can _______ water.
a. for saving b. to save c. save d. saved
( )20. there are many people _______ to buy cars in the modern world.
a. want b. wanted c. wanting d. to want
( )21. --- i’m too busy _______ to my family.
--- why not call them instead?
a. writing b. to write c. written d. write
( )22. the little boy woke up his father, _______ “happy birthday!”
a. call b. to call c. called d. calling
( )23. the car _______ in germany in the 1960s looks old now.
a. produced b. producing c. to produce d. which produced
( )24. --- what are on show in the museum?
--- some pictures _______ by the africans.
a. drawing b. drawn c. drew d. were drawn
( )25. the sick man stayed in bed, _______ very terrible.
a. felt b. feeling c. is feeling d. was feeling
( )26. --- the boy was seen _______ his bike a moment ago.
--- i am sorry to hear that.
a. fell off b. to fall off c. fall off d. to fall down
( )27. there’re so many beautiful presents in the shop that i don’t know _______.
a. to choose which one b. what choose c. which one to choose d. to choose what
( )28. --- how bad! they still have no ideas how _______ the problem.
--- let’s go to help them.
a. solving b. solved c. to solve d. solves
( )29. what is the best way do you think ______ the wild animals?
a. protecting b. to protecting c. protected d. to protect
( )30. --- you’d better have your sports jacket _____. it’s too dirty.
--- thanks. i will.
a. to wash b. washed c. washing d. wash
( )31. --- the little boy was made _______ english for another hour.
--- poor boy!
a. read b. reading c. reads d. to read
( )32. i think it kind _______.
a. of him to help me b. for him to help c. that he help me d. of him helping me
( )33. it’s too hot today. why not _______ your coat?
a. take on b. to take off c. take off d. taking off
( )34. boys, don’t forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom.
a. closing b. closed c. to closing d. to close
( )35. he made it _______ for people ______ the computers by inventing new software.
a. easy, use b. easy, using c. easily, to use d. easier, to use
( )36. all of the plans are very good. i really don’t know _______.
a. which to talk b. which to talk about
c. to talk about which d. i asked you for help
( )37. would you please _______ any noise? the baby has just fallen asleep.
a. make b. to make c. not to make d. not make
( )38. --- would you please try _______ late again?
--- sorry, i won’t be late again.
a. not to be b. to be not c. not be d. be
( )39. the words _______ with “l” aren’t easily forgotten.
a. starting b. started c. to start d. whose starting
( )40. have you got anything _______?
a. to open the box b. opening the box with c. opening the box d. to open the box with
( )41. we must try our best to stop the pollution _______ a happier life.
a. from living b. to live c. living d. live
( )42. --- hello, what are you reading?
--- a book _______ by bill gates.
a. writing b. written c. to write d. which written
( )43. --- what do you come here for?
--- _______.
a. borrow a cd b. to borrow a cd c. borrowing a cd d. borrowed a cd
( )44. yesterday i heard a story _______ by my friend.
a. told b. telling c. to tell d. tell
( )45. we can’t help crying after _______ the sad news.
a. hear b. heard c. hearing d. to hear
( )46. --- would you mind _______ for a few minutes?
--- no, not at all.
a. wait b. to wait c. waited d. waiting
( )47. have you read this book? it’s worth _______.
a. to read b. read c. reading d. to be read
( )48. mr wang would like me _______ my classmates a talk.
a. to give b. giving c. gives d. give
( )49. i find _______ him all about it.
a. necessary to tell b. that necessary to
c. necessary it to tell d. it necessary to tell
( )50. it’s very nice _______ you to _______ me about it.
a. for; tell b. of; say c. to; speak d. of; tell
51. the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____as the plane was making a landing. （04上海春季） a. seat b. seating c. seated d. to be seating
52. victor apologized for __________ to inform me of the change in the plan. （04上海春季）
a. his being not able b. him not to be able c. his not being able d. him to be not able
53. after his journey from abroad, richard jones returned home, ______. （04上海春季）
a. exhausting b. exhausted c. being exhausted d. having exhausted
54. suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _________ the girl and took her away, _________ into the woods. （04上海春季）
a. seizing, disappeared b. seized.., disappeared
c. seizing, disappearing d. seized, disappearing
55. it’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________ the answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷) a. to have had b. having had c. have d. having
56. when asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________ at the party, but not __________. (05北京卷)
a. to arrive, leaving b. to arrive, to leave c. arriving, leaving d. arriving, to leave
57. the prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ___vacation to china. (05北京卷) a. paying b. paid c. to be paid d. being paid
58. i couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________. (05北京卷)
a. going on b. goes on c. went on d. to go on
59. oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record us $57.65 a barrel on april 4. （05山东卷）
a. have reached b. reaching c. to reach d. to be reaching
60. he glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (05广东卷) a. noting b. noted c. to note d. having noted
61. he hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left. (05广东卷)
a. to find b. finding c. found d. to have found
62. the repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well . （05湖北卷）
a．to spend b．spent c．being spent d．spending
63. ______from other continents for millions of years, australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （05湖北卷）
a．being separated b．having separated
c．having been separated d．to be separated
64. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）
a. dressed b. to dress c. dressing d. having dressed
65. i send you 100 dollars today, the rest ______ in a year. （05湖南卷）
a. follows b. followed c. to follow d. being followed
66. ---- is bob still performing?
---- i'm afraid not. he is said________ the stage already as he has become an official (05江苏卷)
a. to have left b. to leave c. to have been left d. to be left
67. ________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police (05江苏卷) a. having lost b. lost c. being lost d. losing
68. ________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life. (05江西卷)
a．having given up hope of cure b．with no hope for cure
c．there being hope for cure d．in the hope of cure
69. i think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better. (05江西卷)
a．liking b．to be like c．to like d．to be liking
70. the manager, ___ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. (05江西卷)
a．who has made b．having made c．made d．making
姓名 班级 得分
1-5 cdbca 6-10 dabdb 11-15 abcac 16-20 babbc
21-25 bdabb 26-30 bccdb 31-35 dacdd 36-40 bdaad
41-45 bbbac 46-50 dcadd
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇13：非谓语动词专项训练 (人教版高考复习英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词专项训练
季市中学高二英语组 刘青青 老师整理
1. the house on fire, he dialed 119.
a. to see b. seeing c. having seen d. being seen
2. i fell down and broke three of my teeth. i wonder how many times i have to come here and get my false teeth .
a. fix b. fixing c. fixed d. to fix
3. we're _________ to listen to her ________ voice. it's _________ to hear her sing.
a. pleased; pleasing; pleasure b. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
c. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure d. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. a post office, i stopped some stamps.
a. passed, buying b. passing, to buy c. having passed, buy d. pass, to buy
5. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
a. comparing b. to compare c. compared d. having compared
6. here are some new computer programs _________ for home buildings.
a. designing b. design c. designed d. to design
7. a little money, jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp
a. to save b. saving c. saved d. having saved
8. the teacher came into the classroom by his students.
a. following b. to be following c. followed d. having followed
9. with the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.
a. to lose b. losing c. lost d. has lost
10. there was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn't make himself .
a. being heard b. hearing c. heard d. hear
11. the result of the test was rather .
a. disappointed b. disappointing c. being disappointed d. disappoint
12. i've never heard the word in spoken english.
a. use b. used c. using d. using
13. how to do the homework, i went to ask my teacher for help.
a. not to know b. not knowing c. knowing not d. not known
14. deeply , i thanked her again and again.
a. being moving b. moved c. moving d. to be moved
15. with winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
a. came b. comes c. come d. coming
16. the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
a. having shown b. showing c. has shown d. having been shown
17. he went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
a. gathering b. gathered c. gather d. being gathered
18. the student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.
a. follow b. following c. followed d. being followed
19. the price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
a. reduce b. reducing c. reduced d. reduces
20. people in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
a. live b. to live c. lived d. living
21. the foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
a. understand b. understanding c. to understand d. understood
22. the scientists were waiting to see the problem .
a. settle b. settled c. to settle d. settling
23. the library's study room is full of students for the exam.
a. busily prepared b. busy preparing c. busily prepare d. are busily preparing
24. the ground is with leaves.
a. covering, falling b. covered, falling c. covered, fallen d. covering, fallen
25. lessons easily were soon forgotten.
a. to learn b. learn c. learnedd. learning
26. the wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building.
a. stolen, hidden b. stealing, hiding c. stealing, hidden d. stolen, hiding
27. a person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
a. to learn, to forget b. learning, to forget c. to learn, forgetting d. learning, forgetting
28. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality
a. to produce b. being produced c. produced d. having produced
29. the students in the university are all taking courses a degree.
a. coming to b. going to c. leading to d. turning to
30. many things impossible in the past are very common today.
a. consider b. considering c. considered d. be considered
31. many times, he still couldn't understand.
a. having been told b. having told c. he having been told d. telling
32. the old sick lady entered the hospital, her two sons.
a. to support b. supporting c. supported by d. having supported
33. china is one of the largest countries in the world,9.6 million square (平方) kilometres.
a. to cover b. covered c. covers d. covering
34. “we must keep a secret of the thingshere”, the general said,at the man in charge of the information office.
a. discussed, stared seriously b. being discussed, seriously staring
c. to be discussed, seriously stared d. discussed, stared
35. the visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.
a. having added b. to add c. adding d. added
36. “can you read?” mary said to the notice.
a. angrily pointing b. and point angrily c. angrily pointed d. and angrily pointing
37. the composition, john handed it to the teacher and went out of the room
a. writing b. having written c. written d. being written
38. were you when you saw that wild animal?
a. fright b. frightening c. frightened d. frighten
39. properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.
a. marked b. mark c. to mark d. marking
40. the child sat in the dentist's chair .
a. tremble b. trembling c. trembled d. to trembled
41. at this moment the bell rang the end of class.
a. announce b. announcing c. announced d. to announce
42. he walked down the hills, softly to himself.
a. sing b. singing c. sung d. to sing
43. i had to shout to make myself above the noise.
a. heared b. hearing c. heard d. to hear
44. the graduating students are busy material for their reports.
a. collect b. to collect c. collected d. collecting
45. the carsin beijing are as good as those in shanghai.
a. produce, produce b. produced, produced
c. produced, producing d. producing, producing
46. when i came in, i saw dr. li a patient.
a. examine b. examining c. to examine d. examined
47. a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
a. having been given b. having given c. giving d. being given
48 . a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.
a. having been given b. having given c. giving d. being given
49.he wrote a letter to me that his trip to japan had been put off because of the bad weather
a. inform b. informing c. informed d. being informed
50. he reads newspapers every day to keep himself about what's going on in the world.
a. inform b. informing c. informed d. being informed
小试牛刀
~ 年高考题汇编 非谓语动词
1. i've worked with children before , so i know what ________in my new job. （2000全国） a．expect ed b．to expect c．to be expecting d．expects
2. the managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _______the next year. （2000全国） a．carry out b．carrying out c．carried out d．to carry out
3. the picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew. （2000北京春季）
a. having hung b. hanging c. hangs d. being hung
4. ________ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. （2000北京春季）
a. given b. to give c. givingd. having given
5. as we joined the big crowd i got _________ from my friends. （01全国）
a. separated b. spared c. lost d. missed
6. ________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. （01全国） a. having suffered b. suffering c. to suffer d. suffered
7. _______late in the morning, bob turned off the alarm. （01北京春季）
a．to sleep b．sleeping c．sleep d．having slept
8. one learns a language by making mistakes and _______them. （01北京春季）
a．correct b．correcting c．corrects d．to correct
9.the mother didn't know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. （02全国）
a．who b．when c．how d．what
10. having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _________ whether they will enjoy it. （02全国）
a．to see b．to be seen-ぃ茫畇eeing d．seen
11. it is said in australia there is more land than the government knows _______.（02全国） a．it what to do with-ぃ拢畐hat to do it with
c．what to do with it-ぃ模畉o do what with it
12. the research is so designed that once _____ nothing can be done to change it.（02全国） a．begins b．having begun-ぃ茫産eginning d．begun
13. ― how do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
― the key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers. （02北京） a. to solving; making b. to solving; made
c. to solve; making d. to solve; made
14. prices of daily goods through a computer can be lower than store prices. （02北京春季）
a. are bought b. bought c. been bought d. buying
15. a cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen. （03全国卷） a．smoke b．smoking c．to smoke d．smoked
16. the teacher asked us ______________ so much noise. （03北京）
a. don’t make b. not make c. not making d. not to make
17. _____ time, he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. （03北京）
a. having given b. to give c. giving d.given
18. mr. smith, of the speech, started to read a novel. （03北京春季） a．tired; boring b．tiring; bored
c．tired; bored d．tiring; boring
19. my advisor encouraged______ a summer course to improve my writing skills. （04北京） a for me taking b me taking c for me to take d me to take
20. ______in the queue for half an hour, tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京）
a to wait b have waited c having waited d to have waited
21. don’t leave the water______ while you brush your teeth. （04天津）
a run b running c being run d to run
22. they see you as something of a worrier, problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them. （04重庆）
a. settling b. discovering c. seeing d. designing
23. laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents . （04重庆）
a. worried b. to worry c. worrying d. worry
24. there are eight tips in dr roger’s lecture on -sleep, and one of them is : to bed early unless you think it is necessary. （04重庆）
a. doesn’t go b. not to go c. not going d. don’t go
25. the man insisted_______ a taxi for me even though i told him i lived nearby. （04江苏） a. find b. to find c. on finding d. in finding
26. a man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night. （04江苏）
a. advised b. attended c. attempted d. admitted
27. the old man, ____________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. （04江苏）
a. to work b. working c. to have worked d. having worked
28. linda worked for the minnesota manufacturing and mining company, ____ as 3m.（04浙江） a. knowing b. known c. being known d. to be known
29. the news reporters hurried to the airport, only______ the film stars had left. （04福建） a．to tell b．to be told c．telling d．told
30. having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time_____ the exam. （04福建） a．pass b．to pass c．passed d．passing
31. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. （04广东）
a. not completing b. not completed c. not having completed d. having not completed
32. if you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it-you’ve got some big bills coming. （04广东）
a. forget b. forgot c. forgetting d. to forget
33. helen had to shout _____ above the sound of the music. （04广西）
a. making herself hear b. to make herself hear
c. making herself heard d. to make herself heard
34. reading is an experience quite different from watching tv; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes. （04广西）
a. to form b. form c. forming d. having formed
35. you were silly not ____ your car. （04湖南）
a. to lock b. to have locked c. locking d. having locked
36. with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all （04湖北） a．compare b．when comparing
c．comparing d．when compared
37. i don’t know whether you happen , but i’m going to study in the u.s.a. this september . （04辽宁）
a．to be heard b．to be hearing c．to hear d．to have heard
38. by the beauty of nature , the girl from london decided to spend another two days on the farm . （04辽宁）
a．attracting b．attracted c．to be attracted d．having attracted
39. according to a recent u.s. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ____ tv. （04上海）
a. to watch b. to watching c. watching d. watch
40. the flu is believed _______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. （04上海）
a. causing b. being caused c. to be caused d. be have caused
41. the flowers __sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.（04上海） a. to smell b. smelling c. smelt d. to be smelt
42. the disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海） a. recorded b. recording c. to be recorded d. having recorded
43. having been attacked by terrorists, ________. （04上海）
a. doctors cane to their rescue b. the tall building collapsed
c. an emergency measure was taken d. warnings were given to tourists
44. sarah, hurry up. i’m afraid you won’t have time to ______ before the party. （04全国i） a get changed b get change c get changing d get to change
45. when first______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. （04全国ii）
a introducing b introduced c introduce d being introduced
46. “we can’t go out in this weather,” said bob, ______ out of the window. （04全国ii） a looking b to look c looked d having looked
47. it shames me to say it, but i told a lie when___ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国iv） a questioning b have questioned c questioned d to be questioned
48. alice returned from the manager’s office, ______ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. （04全国iv） a having told b tells c to tell d telling
49. he looked around and caught a man _______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. （04北京春季） a. put b. to be putting c. to put d. putting
50. i'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. do you have anything ______ ? （04上海春季） a. to be buying b. to buy c. for buying d. bought
51. the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _____as the plane was making a landing. （04上海春季） a. seat b. seating c. seated d. to be seating
52. victor apologized for __________ to inform me of the change in the plan. （04上海春季）
a. his being not able b. him not to be able c. his not being able d. him to be not able
53. after his journey from abroad, richard jones returned home, ______. （04上海春季）
a. exhausting b. exhausted c. being exhausted d. having exhausted
54. suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _________ the girl and took her away, _________ into the woods. （04上海春季）
a. seizing, disappeared b. seized.., disappeared
c. seizing, disappearing d. seized, disappearing
55. it’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. __________ the answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷) a. to have had b. having had c. have d. having
56. when asked by the police, he said that he remembered __________ at the party, but not __________. (05北京卷)
a. to arrive, leaving b. to arrive, to leave c. arriving, leaving d. arriving, to leave
57. the prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ___vacation to china. (05北京卷) a. paying b. paid c. to be paid d. being paid
58. i couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________. (05北京卷)
a. going on b. goes on c. went on d. to go on
59. oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, ______ a record us $57.65 a barrel on april 4. （05山东卷）
a. have reached b. reaching c. to reach d. to be reaching
60. he glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (05广东卷) a. noting b. noted c. to note d. having noted
61. he hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left. (05广东卷)
a. to find b. finding c. found d. to have found
62. the repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well . （05湖北卷）
a．to spend b．spent c．being spent d．spending
63. ______from other continents for millions of years, australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. （05湖北卷）
a．being separated b．having separated
c．having been separated d．to be separated
64. ______ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. （05湖南卷）
a. dressed b. to dress c. dressing d. having dressed
65. i send you 100 dollars today, the rest ______ in a year. （05湖南卷）
a. follows b. followed c. to follow d. being followed
66. ---- is bob still performing?
---- i'm afraid not. he is said________ the stage already as he has become an official (05江苏卷)
a. to have left b. to leave c. to have been left d. to be left
67. ________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police (05江苏卷) a. having lost b. lost c. being lost d. losing
68. ________ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life. (05江西卷)
a．having given up hope of cure b．with no hope for cure
c．there being hope for cure d．in the hope of cure
69. i think you’ll grow ________ him when you know him better. (05江西卷)
a．liking b．to be like c．to like d．to be liking
70. the manager, ___ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room. (05江西卷)
a．who has made b．having made c．made d．making
71. while watching television, __________. （05全国卷3）
a．the doorbell rang b．the doorbell rings
c．we heard the doorbell ring d．we heard the doorbell rings
72. “you can’t catch me!” janet shouted, __________ away. （05全国卷3）
a．run b．running c．to run d．ran
73. the storm left, _________ a lot of damage to this area . （05全国卷1）
a．caused b．to have caused c．to cause d．having caused
74. he got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity. （05上海卷） a. to lose b. losing c. to be lost d. being lost
75. ______ into use in april 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）
a. put b. putting c. having put d. being put
76. it was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______ a look at the sports stars. （05上海卷） a. had b. having c. to have d. have
77. more and more people are signing up for yoga classes nowadays, ________ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. （05上海卷）
a. taking b. taken c. having taken d. having been taken
78. _________ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. （05浙江卷）
a．to find out b．finding out c．find out d．having found out
79. daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, ____fun. （05重庆卷）a. had b. have c. to have d. having
80. you should understand the traffic rule by now. you've had it____ often enough. （05天津卷）a. explaining b. to explain c. explain d. explained
81. i don't want _______like i' m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. （05天津卷）]
a. to sound b. to be sounded c. sounding d. to have sounded
82. i really can't understand ______ her like that. （05安徽卷）
a. you treat b. you to treat c. why treat d. you treating
83. all these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for christmas. （05辽宁卷）
a．in order to have received b．in order to receive
c．so as to be received d．so as to be receiving
非谓语动词强化训练
keys: 1~20: bcbbc cdccc bbbbd dabcd 21~40: dbbcc addcc acdbc abcab 41~50: bbcdb babbc
2000 ~ 2005 年高考题汇编 非谓语动词
bcbaa aabab cdbbb ddadc bcadc cdbbd cadcb ddbcc babab acddb ccbdd cbaba abcac abbcd cbdbac caadd adc
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇14：高一语法复习高考情态动词试题详解 (人教版高一英语下册教学论文)
高一语法复习
06年高考情态动词试题详解
何学群
1. ―what’s the name?
―khulaifi. i spell that for you ? 北京卷
a. shall b. would c. can d .might
解析：考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见
2. if it were not for the fact that she ____sing, i would invite her to the party. （福建）
a. couldn’t b. shouldn’t c. can’t d. might not
解析：考查情态动词的本义，表示通常的能力，couldn’t 是最大的干扰项，学生会受前面were所表示虚拟语气句型的影响。
3. i’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _______? （福建）
a. hadn’t you b. wouldn’t you c. aren’t d. didn’t she
解析：考查情态动词would rather句型，宾语从句中用过去时，反意问句助动词应与从句中的went保持一致。
4. the workers will go on strike if the demands they ____put forward are turned down.（福建）
a. could b. would c.不填 d. had
解析：该句的they ____ put forward 是定语从句，表明过去的事实：“他们提出的要求”因此不用情态动词。
5. ------ must he come to sign this paper himself? (广东)
------ yes, he .
a. need b. must c. may d. will
解析：考查情态动词的本义，征求对方的意见，must 表示“必须”。
6. fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.（ 湖北卷）
a. would you be b. should you be c. could you be d. might you be
解析：考查情态动词的虚拟用法。还原成原来的句型是：if you should be fired---，该句型中用should 或were to be表示与将来的事实相反。例如：
_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
a. should b. would c. could d. must
分析：在条件状语从句中，should 表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为“万一明天下雨，会议就延期。”答案为a。
该句等于if it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
= if it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
= should it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
= were it to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
7. some aspects of a pilot’s job ___ be boring, and pilots often ____ work at inconvenient hours. (湖南)
a. can; have to b. may; can c. have to; may d. ought to; must
解析：前面考查情态动词can的推测用法，表示理论上的可能性；后面考查情态动词have to 的本义，表示客观事实的限制。
8. the weather turned out to be fine yesterday. i the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. (江西)
a. should have taken b. could have taken
c. needn’t have taken d. mustn’t have taken
解析：考查情态动词的虚拟用法，表示对过去事实的责备。
9. as you worked late yesterday, you___ have come this morning.（陕西）
a. mayn’t b. can’t c. mustn’t d. needn’t
解析：同第8题。
10. ------is jack on duty today?
--------it _________be him. it’s his turn tomorrow.（四川）
a. mustn’t b. won’t c. can’t d. needn’t
解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示现在状态的“不可能”。
11. we have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.（天津）
a. needn’t b. may not c. shouldn’t d. mustn’t
解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示过去动作的“可能没有”。
12 --- could i have a word with you, mum?（浙江）
--- oh dear, if you ________.
a. can b. must c. may d. should
解析：考查情态动词的本义，must 表示“如果你必须和我谈的话”。学生可能会受could的影响只注意形式选can, 忽视句子的意思。
13 --- i think i’ll give bob a ring.
--- you _______. you haven’t been in touch with him for ages.（江苏）
a. will b. may c. have to d. should
解析：考查情态动词的规劝用法，should 表示“应该”。
14. ------ will you be able to finish your report today? （全国2）
------ .
a. i like it b. i hope so c. i’ll do so d. i’d love it
15. we forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ?（全国2）
a. do you b. can we c. will you d. shall we
解析：考查情态动词在反意问句中的用法，祈使句后用will you征求对方的意见。
16. we hope that as many people as-possible join us for the picnic tomorrow. （全国2）
a. need b. must c. should d. can
解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示将来动作的“理论或事实上的可能性”。
17.there’s no light on----they be at home. （全国1）
a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. shouldn’t
解析：考查情态动词的推测用法，表示对现在状态的否定推测。
18. ------ may i smoke here ?（山东）
------ if you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
a. should b. could c. may d. must
解析：考查情态动词的本义，同第12 题。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇15：时态和语态 教学案例(人教版英语高考复习)
【北京卷,21】experiments of this kind in both the u.s. and europe well before the second world war.
a. have conducted b. have been conducted c. had conducted d. had been conducted
【答案】d
【考点】考查动词时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“就在二战爆发前，美国和欧洲都进行过这种实验。”首先考虑语态，主语experiment与conduct构成动宾关系，谓语使用被动形式。题干中出现the second war是过去的时间点，before the second war是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时。选d。
【2011北京卷,23】tom in the library every night over the last three months.
a. works b. worked c. has been working d. had been working
【答案】c
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“在过去的三个月里，tom每天晚上都在图书馆里学习。”题干中出现的over the last three months，是明显提示用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。故选c。
【2011北京卷,27】--that must have been a long trip.
--yeah, it us a whole week to get there.
a. takes b. has taken c. took d. was taking
【答案】c
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“--那一定是长途旅行。--是的，我们花了整整一周时间才赶到那儿。”题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测，提示时间在过去，描述过去的情况，排除a和b，d项was taking进行时态表将来，但事实上事情已发生，这与题意不符，因此选c。
【2011北京卷,32】--bob has gone to california.
--oh, can you tell me when he ?
a. has left b. left c. is leaving d. would leave
【答案】b
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“--bob已经去了加利福尼亚。--噢，你能告诉我他什么时候离开的？”bob has gone to california，去的动作已经发生过，说明他离开的动作发生在过去，因此使用一般过去时。选b。
【2011天津卷,3】in the last few years thousands of films all over the world.
a.have produced b. have been produced c. are producingd. are being produced
【答案】b
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“在过去的几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。”in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。选b。
【2011天津卷,4】on her next birthday, ann married for twenty years.
a.isb.has been c.will be d.will have been
【答案】d
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“等到下次生日的时候，ann结婚有二十年了。”her next birthday是将来的时间，for twenty years是个时间段。将来完成时表示持续到将来某时的动作或状态，故选d。
【2011上海春招,29】i’m sure you will do better in the test because you so hard this year.
a. studied b. had studied
c. will study d. have been studying
【答案】d
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“我确信你将在这次考试中取得更好的成绩，因为这一年里你一直用功学习。”前半句i’m sure you will do better交代了时间起点是现在。because引起的状语从句不能用将来时，只能用现在时。this year今年，是个时间段。d项 have been studying表示一直持续到现在的动作，故用现在完成进行时。选d。
【2011上海春招,32】a lot of people often forget that oral exams to test our communicative ability.
a. design b. are designed
c. are designing d. are being designed
【答案】b
【考点】考查动词的时态和语态。
【解析】句意为“很多人经常忘记设计口语测试是用来检测我们的交际能力的。”一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态时，常与often, always, usually, sometimes, every day等时间状语连用。oral exams与design的关系存在着被动，故选b。
【2011山东卷,31】when i got on the bus, i i had left my wallet at home.
a. was realizing b. realized c. have realized d. would realize
【答案】b
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“当我上了车后，我才意识到我把钱包落在家里了。”i had left my wallet at home发生在realized之前，前一句when i got on the bus给出的时间起点是过去时，故选b。
【2011山东卷,35】she was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child everything!
a. had been e ating b. had eaten c. have eaten d. have been eating
【答案】b
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“她惊讶地发现冰箱里空空如也；她的孩子把里面的东西全吃光了！”“吃光”这个动作发生在“发现”之前，前一句交代了过去时间，因此选择过去的过去。故选b。
【2011江苏卷,21】--i hear you in a pub. what’s it like?
--well, it’s very hard work and i’m always tired, but i don’t mind.
a.are working b.will work c.were working d.will be working
【答案】a
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“--我听说你在酒吧里上班，这份工作怎么样？--咳，这是份辛苦活，老感到累，不过我不介意。”对话所用的现在时表明现在还在酒吧里上班，用现在进行时描述现阶段长期重复的一个动作。故选a。
【2011江苏卷,23】--tommy is planning to buy a car.
--i know. by next month, he enough for a used one.
a. saves b .saved c.will save d. will have saved
【答案】d
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“--tommy将计划买车。--我知道，到下个月为止，他积攒的钱足够买一辆旧车了。”by next month是将来完成时的标志，全句表示在将来next month之前完成“积攒足够钱”的动作，对将来的时间next month产生影响，能买一辆旧车。故选d。
【2011福建卷,32】last month, the japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they
from china.
a.receive b.are receiving c.have received d.had received
【答案】d
【考点】考查动词的时态。
【解析】句意为“上个月，日本政府对来自于中国的援助表示了感谢。”expressed是过去时，接受中国的援助发生在expressed之前，是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。选d。
【2011安徽卷, 32】--i didn’t ask for the name list. why ______on my desk? --i put
试题下载地址1 试题下载地址2
篇16：高考英语第二轮热点复习--动词的时态和语态 教案教学设计(新课标版英语高考复习)
内容解读
1．高考考查的八种动词时态是：①一般现在时；②一般过去时；③一般将来时；④现在进行时；⑤过去进行时；⑥现在完成时；⑦过去完成时；⑧过去将来时。
2．容易混淆的三组动词时态是：①一般过去时和现在完成时；②一般过去时和过去完成时；③过去完成时与现在完成时。
3．各种时态及含情态动词的被动形式和应用。
能力解读
1．了解动词时态的时、体概念；
2．了解常考八种时态的基本用法并能够在真实的情景中恰当使用八种时态进行交际；
3．能够区别容易混淆的时态的用法；
4．掌握各种时态及含情态动词的被动语态的形式和应用；
①分清动词的词性，熟悉并掌握常见的不及物动词happen, take place, occur, exist 等，它们不能用被动语态；
② 分清主语与谓语之间的关系；
③ 变被动语态的动词一般为及物动词，但有些不及物动词与介词所形成的短语动词也可有被动形式，此时，变被动语态后介词不能丢；
④ 熟悉并掌握主动形式表被动意义的情况。
规律方法
1．试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”（如状语从句、宾语从句等）转向了“情景立意”。试题创设的语境明确，交际情景（对话形式占有一定比例）多是发生在学生学习或日常生活中的真实情况。这样的情景设置实质上是对语法知识、语义理解和语言交际能力的综合考查，体现了高考试题由“知识立意”向“能力立意”转变人命题原则。
2．题干中的有效信息由“外显的”转向“隐藏的”。
3．试题的设问多以中学生普遍感到难以把握的几组时态来相互干扰。
命题趋势
毫无疑问，对于动词时态的考查仍交进高考的测试重点。试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则，即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文中考查时态和语态，注重在语境中考查时态和语态。
突破方法
1．学习动词的时态和语态时，切不可脱离实际运用的语言，一味死记硬背语法规则的条条框框。了解了八种时态的一些常见规则之后，要留心以英语为母语者在实际生活中是如何使用各种时态的语态的。其实，教材中每单元第一课的情景对话，是领司时态用法真谛的最佳语言材料。
2．答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其是动词冗余信息中的时间信息。如第10题目中的haven’t said, do, i’m, sooner, think, it’s 等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。
3．解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：
① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有哪些？
② 这个动作处于什么状态，是进行中，还是已结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？
（第4题中的rapidly 是个很关键的信息词）
③ 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？
只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。
知识清单
清单一 动词的时态
一、时态的概念
时态是一种动词形式，它是“时”和“体”的组合。“时”有现在、过去、将来、过去将来之分；“体”有一般、进行、完成、完成进行之别。动词的动作可发生于四种不同的时间，表现四种不同的“体”，每一种“时 体”就构成一种时态。所以英语动词共有（4×4）十六种时态，高中英语教学大纳中要求掌握的只有八种：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，过去将来时。另外现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时和将来完成时也比较常用。
二、一般体、进行体、完成体的含义
一向指某动作既不正在进行又不确定完成与否的一种广泛意义上的方式。进行指一种持续性的、未完成的动作。动词的进行时还伴有其他一些意义，如：有限度的延续性、感情色彩、同时性、描述的生动性、强调性等。完成则表示动作发生在某个时间以前，但动作发生的时间总是未经明确指出的。通过例句体会它们的含义差别：
the teacher writes his own notes. （现在习续性动作）
the teacher is writing his notes now. （暂时的还在进行的动作）
the teacher has already written his notes. （现在已经完成的动作）
xiao wang comes late often. （现在经常性的动作）
xiao wang is always coming late. （带有不满的色彩）
i read a book yesterday evening. （在过去时间的动作）
i was reading a book yesterday evening. （过去时间未完成的持续动作）
i have read the book. （现在已经读完那本书了）
she is always finding fault with others. 她总是挑剔别人的毛病。
he is constantly leaving things about. 他总是丢三拉四。
i am hoping you can come and have supper with us. 我正希望您能来和我们一起吃晚饭。（比如i hope…语气更委婉）
she has been saying that twenty times. 这话她已经说了20遍。
三、一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别
1．一般过去时所表示的一个或一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。它所表示的事情纯属过去与现在情况没有联系。现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去产某个或某段时间。它所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。
2．一般过去时常用的状语有yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, at that time 等；现在完成时常用的状语有already, just (刚刚), yet, never, before 等；表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语有：today, now, lately, recently, in the last / past few days / years (在过去的这几天/年里)。since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。
3．比较下面几组句子，体会两种时态的不同：
he served in the army from 1952 to 1954. （这是过去的一件事）
he has served in the army for 5 years. （现在他仍在军中服役，他是个军人）
he wrote many plays when he was at college.
他上大学的时候，写了许多剧本。（写剧本是他过去的事）
he has written many plays.
他写了许多部剧本。（这意味着他是剧作家）
i saw hero last year.
去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在时间无关）
i have seen hero before.
我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。（强调现在还知道这部电影的内容。以前看过，但“以前”是表示一个与现在有联系的过去时间，而不是一个确定的与现在无关的过去时间。）
四、一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别
1．一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时刻而言。两种时态建立的时间参照点不同，对过去完成时来说，这一个时间参照点十分重要，它是过去完成概念赖以建立的基础，也是和一般过去时相区别的重要标准。
2．过去完成时的时间状语常用by 和before 引导的短语表示，如by that time, by the end of…, before 2000, by the time 句子等。
五、过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别
1．两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的劝作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。
2．比较下面的说法
she had been ill for a week before she came back.
她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去）
she has been ill for a week.
她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病）
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