虚拟语气练习题 -九游会网址j9
这里小编给大家分享一些虚拟语气练习题 -11-19 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)，方便大家学习。感谢网友“xiaoxiao”向本站投稿了12篇与“虚拟语气练习题 -11-19 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)”相关的素材。
篇1：虚拟语气练习题 -11-19 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
虚拟语气练习题 2017-11-19
一、单项选择
1. li ming, if i _____ you, i ____ their offer.
a. were; accept b. am; will accept
c. would be; would accept d. were; would accept
2. if i ____, would you help me?
a. ask b. will ask c. were to ask d. would ask
3. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
4. the author ________ his work if he had not died.
a. would finish b. may have finished
c. should finish d. might have finished
5. if you were careful, everything ______ all right.
a. is b. were c. will be d. should be
6. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
7. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for
8. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
9. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
10. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
11. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should be d. to; being
12. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
13. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i _____ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.
a. wouldn’t have fallen b. had not fallen c. should fall d. were to fall
14. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
15. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
16. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving
c. were he to leave d. if he leave
17. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved
c. will be saved d. had been saved
18. if you had had everything ready yesterday, you ________ in such a hurry now.
a. wouldn’t have been b. wouldn’t be c. hadn’t been d. haven’t been
19. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
20. if he liked classic music, i ________ him to the concert last night.
a. might take b. might have taken c. had taken d. would take
21. but for the party, he ______ of hunger thirty years ago.
a. would have died b. would die c. must have died d. must die
22. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. couldn’t have finished
c. didn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
23. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
24. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
25. if you had listened to the doctor, you ______ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词
1. if i _____(see) him yesterday i _____(ask) him about it.
2. what do you think would happen if there _____ (be) no light during the days?
3. but for your help, i couldn’t _____(find) the place.
4. if her lawyer _____ (be) here last sunday, he _____ (prevent) her from going.
5. if miss green _____ (come) late tomorrow, who would take her place?
6. it seems as if it ____ (be) already summer now.
7. i wish i _____ (see) him the day before yesterday.
8. i made the suggestion that they _____ (stick) to the plan they had made.
9. it is suggested that a study plan _____ (make) right now.
10.i wish i ________ (know) the answer, it is too difficult for me.
11.i’d rather tom _____ (come) tomorrow.
12.it is about time you ____ (take) the medicine, sir.
13.if there _____ (be) no electricity in the future, our life _____ (change) a lot.
14. what would have happened if you (not help) her child?
15. i wish i (go) to a key university in two years.
三、完成句子(每空一词):
1.真想不到我们俩会在这里见面.
it's strange that we here.
2.如果没有参加玛丽的生日聚会的话,我们彼此就不会认识了.
if we _______ ________ ________ ________ mary's birthday party, we _________ _________ _______each other.
3. -这么近的路,我们应该步行到车站来。 - 是啊,根本没必要乘出租车。
-weto the station, it was so near.
-yes. a taxi wasn't at all necessary.
4.万一明天下雨的话,我们将不得不推迟比赛。
________ it rain tomorrow, we to put off the match.
5. 假如他来不了, 我们怎么办呢？
if he _______ _______ _______ _______, what ________ we say to him.
四、句型转换:
1.without sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals.
= sunlight, there would be neither plants nor animals.
2.she insisted on translating the sentence this way.
=she insisted that the sentence this way .
3.the students suggested going there on foot.
=the students suggested there on foot.
4.she suggested that we should go to his help.
= is that we to his help.
5.lucy didn't come to class today because she didn't feel well.
= she well, she to class today.
6.i don't know french, so i can't talk to the french friends.
=if i french, i could talk to the french friends.
7.he didn't take his parents' advice and he is not a college student now.
=if he his parents' advice, he a college student now.
8.the professor helped me a lot and i finished the work.
=i couldn't the workthe professor's help.
五 用虚拟语气翻译下列句子
1．要是我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会就好了。
___________________________________________________________________
2． 现在是我们结束讲座的时候了。
_____________________________________________________________________
3 如果我是你，我就改变注意。
_____________________________________________________________________
4我们将讨论他的取消期中考试的建议。
_____________________________________________________________________
5 妈妈坚持让我们九点睡觉。
_____________________________________________________________________
6 我考试没有及格，我多么希望我通过了考试。
_____________________________________________________________________
7. 要是没有他的帮忙，我们就不会以这么低的价格买到房子了。
_____________________________________________________________________
8 如果地震发生在夜晚，将会有更多的人丧生。
六、语法填空：
there was once a boy who had a temper. his father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.
the first day the boy 1 (drive)37 nails into the fence. over the next few weeks as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered 2 (gradual) decreased. he discovered 3 was easier to hold his temper than to drive nails into the fence.
finally the day came 4 he didn’t lose his temper. he told his father and his father suggested that the boy now 5 (pull)out one nail for each day so that he was able to hold his anger. the days passed and the boy told his father that all the nails 6 (go).
the father took the boy 7 the hand and led him to the fence. he said, “look at the holes in the fence. the fence will never be the same. when you say things in anger，they leave a scar(疤痕)just like the 8 on the fence. it won’t matter how many times you say i am sorry, and 9 wound is still there. a verbal wound is as bad as a physical one. friends are very rare. they make you smile and encourage you 10 (success).they lend an ear, and always want to open their hearts to us.”
参考答案
一、单项选择
1-5. dcadd 6-10. caabb 11-15. bcbca
16-20. cabdb 21-25.abccc
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. had seen; would have asked 2. were 3.have found
4.had been; would have prevented 5. should come/came/were to come
6. were 7. had seen 8. (should) stick 9.(should) be made 10. knew
11. came 12. should take / took 13. should be; would change
14. hadn’t helped 15. could go
三、完成句子(每空一词):
1. meet 2. hadn’t taken part in; would’t have known 3. should have walked
4. should; would have 5. were not to come; should
四、句型转换
1. if there were no 2. should be translated
3. they go 4. her suggestion; go 5. had; felt; could have come
6. knew 7. had taken; would be 8. have finished; without
五、用虚拟语气翻译下列句子
1. i wish i had had your opportunities when i was young.
2 it is high time that we put an end to the lecture.
3 if i were you, i would change my mind.
4. we are going to discuss his suggestion that the mid-term exams (should) be canceled.
5 mother insisted that we should go to bed at nine.
6 i didn’t pass the exam. how i wish i had passed it.
7 but for his help, we could not have bought a house at such a low price.
8 if the earthquake had happened at night, there would have been more deaths.
六、语法填空：
1. drove 2. gradually 3. it 4. when 5. （should） pull 6. were gone 7. by 8. ones 9. the 10. to succeed
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：虚拟语气练习题精选 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
虚拟语气练习题精选
1. the teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
a. must finish b. would be finished c. be finished d. must be finished
2. she made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ iraq.
a. leave; for b. leave; to c. left; to d. to be left; for
3. he is talking so much about america as if he _____ there.
a. had been b. has been c. was d. has gone
4. the young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set c. should do; be set d. had done; must be set
5. i suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
a. can; it b. /; / c. would; it d. may; /
6. the suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
a. for; to b. that; be c. which; should be d. to; being
7. the order came that the medical supplies _____ to beijing for the sars soon.
a. would be sent b. should send c. be sent d. must be sent
8. it is important that we _____ wild animals.
a. will protect b. should protect c. shall protect d. are protecting
9. had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
a. will there be b. should there be c. there will be d. there should be
11. _____ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving c. were he to leave d. if he leave
12. should it rain, the crops _____ .
a. would be saved b. would have been saved c. will be saved d. had been saved
13. you _____ come earlier. the bus left a moment ago.
a. would b. should have c. may d. have
14. he treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
a. i am b. i would be c. i was d. i were
15. i _____ you some money, but i hadn’t any on me then.
a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent
16. a few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
a. have caught b. had caught c. could have caught d. were to catch
17. --- “have you ever been to beijing?” --- “no, but i wish i _____”
a. have b. will c. do d. had
18. i’m glad i went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
a. i may have failed b. i’d fail c. i’d have failed d. i’ll have failed
19. --- “what will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “i don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
a. i’m deciding b. i’ll decide c. i decided d. i decide
20. what should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
a. should snow b. would snow c. snow d. will snow
21. if only i _____ my watch!
a. hadn’t lost b. haven’t lost c. didn’t lost d. don’t lose
22. you _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
a. may not make b. might not make
c. shouldn’t have made d. might not have made
23. we _____ the work on time without your help.
a. hadn’t had finished b. didn’t have finished c. couldn’t have finished d. can’t have finished
24. --- “where have you been?”
--- “i got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
a. i would be here b. i have been here c. i had been here d. i would have been here
25. if it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, i would ask you to do this right now.
a. were b. had been c. are d. should be
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词
1. if i _____ him yesterday i _____ him about it. (see, ask)
2. what do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be)
3. but for your help, i couldn’t _____ the place. (find)
4. if her lawyer _____ here last sunday, he _____ her from going. (be, prevent)
5. if it had not been for the liberation, no changes _____ place in my hometown. (take)
6. if miss green _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place? (come)
7. it seems as if it ____ already summer now. (be)
8. i wish i _____ him the day before yesterday. (see)
9. i made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made. (stick)
10. it is suggested that a study plan _____ right now. (make)
11. they required that we _____ them get in the crops. (help)
12. it was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. (allow)
13.i’d rather tom _____ tomorrow. (come)
14.it is about time you ____ the medicine, sir. (take)
15.if there _____ no electricity in the future, our life _____ a lot. (be, change)
16.without the communist party there ____ new china.
17. what would have happened if you her child? (not help)
18. it is strange that he so. (think)
19. i wish i my uncle yesterday. (meet)
20. galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. (move)
21. i was very busy yesterday, otherwise i to the meeting. (come)
22. supposing the weather bad, where would they go? (be)
23. if only i to my parents’ advice! (listen)
24. i to stay there for one more week, but i changed my mind. (hope)
25. his silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. (agree)
26. li ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. (be)
参考答案
key: 1-5. caabb 6-10. bcbcb
11-15. cabdb 16-20. cdcca 21-25. adcdc
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. had seen; would have asked
2. were 3.have found
4.had been; would have prevented
5. would have taken 6. should come/came/were to come 7. were
8. had seen 9. stick to
10. be made 11. help 12. be allowed 13. came 14. should take/took
15. should be; would change
16. would be no 17. hadn’t helped
18. (should) think 19. had met
20. moves 21.would have come
22. were 23. had listened
24. had hoped 25. didn’t agree
26. were
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇3：虚拟语气 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
虚拟语气
【押题依据】虚拟语气是历年高考的选考考点。在高考15套试题中考查虚拟语气的共两题。考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及宾语从句中的虚拟语气上。所设选项常通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，而且都是结合具体语境来考查对考点的运用能力。今后高考对虚拟语气的命题重点仍会是在特定语境中考查虚拟语气中的含蓄虚拟条件句、宾语从句中的谓语动词等。
[押题1]-can you come to attend our party tonight? -sorry, but i do wish i ____. a. had b. can c. will d. could
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理清上下文语境，准确判断wish引导的宾语从句中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】分析上下文语境可以知道，wish引导的宾语从句表示与将来事实相反的愿望，故应用would，could 动词原形。答案d。
[押题2] it is necessary that people both young and old in china ____some english to be prepared for the olympic games to be held in beijing in . a. learn b. will learn c. must learn d. have learned
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意在句型it is necessary(strange, natural, important...) 从句中，从句中谓语动词虚拟语气结构的使用。
【答案解析】在句型 it is necessary(strange, natural, important...) 从句结构中，从句中谓语动词要用“should 动词原形”构成，should 可以省略。答案a。
[押题3] if he his legs in the last training, he the coming world cup, which he has been longing to compete in.
a. hadn’t hurt; would join in b. hadn’t hurt; would have taken part in
c. didn’t hurt; would go in for d. didn’t hurt; would have taken part in
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是根据句子意思准确推断出主从句中谓语动词虚拟结构的使用，特别注意主从句动作所发生的时间不一致性的关系。
【答案解析】根据句子结构可以知道，该题是由if引导的条件状语从句，分析句意，该句表示一种假设，从句中的动作是在过去发生，即表示与过去事实相反，主句的动作是在将来发生，即表示与将来事实相反，故从句谓语动词用had done，主句用would (could, might) 动词原形。答案a。
[押题4] i was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise i ____you waiting for such a long time.
a. will not keep b. have not kept c. had not kept d. would not have kept
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握otherwise表示转折意义后的句子结构中虚拟语气的使用。
【答案解析】根据句子意义，otherwise 前的分句为客观事实，使用的为一般过去时，而otherwise 后一分句则表示与过去事实相反的一种假设，句中实际省略了if 条件句if i hadn’t been caught...故选项部分应为与过去事实相反的主句虚拟结构，应选 wouldn’t have kept。答案d。
[押题5] though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease, she acted as if nothing ____ to her while facing her friends and relations. a. happened b. would happen c. was happened d. had happened
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断as if引导的从句中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】在as if ，as though 引导的方式状语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟结构，根据题干中动词所使用的时态可以看出，选项部分是表示与过去事实相反的动作，要用had 过去分词构成。答案 d。
[押题6] it’s high time that we students _____ even harder at our lessons as the national entrance examination is coming nearer.
a. work b. will work c. worked d. have to work
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意在句型it’s time that...结构中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】在it is time that ...句型结构中，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟结构，可以用一般过去时，也可以用should 动词原形，但should不可省略。答案 c。
[押题7] ____him not to do so, he wouldn’t have made such a serious mistake.
a. did i persuade b. if i persuade c. if i should persuade d. had i persuade
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要把握在虚拟条件句中，省略if时，句子结构的使用。
【答案解析】题干中主句的谓语动词使用了wouldn’t have made， 说明该动作表示与过去事实相反，故条件句使用表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构if sb. had 过去分词，或使用 had sb. done 即省略了if的虚拟结构。答案d。
[押题8] his suggestion that you ____once more sounds reasonable. a. try b. tried c. must try d. can try
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意把握在表示“建议、命令、要求”等引导的名词性从句中，虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】分析句子意思可以知道，名词suggestion之后的从句为同位语从句，从句中应使用 “should 动词原形”。其中 should 可以省略。答案a。
[押题9]-do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning? -well, i’d rather you____.
a. don’t b. didn’t c. won’t d. wouldn’t
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意would rather后从句中虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】would rather后的从句，如果从句的谓语动词表示与现在或将来事实相反，常用一般过去时，如果与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。该题根据上下文语境可以知道，选项部分的动作是与将来事实相反，故用一般过去时。b。
[押题10]-i ____ to your birthday party last sunday. -unfortunately, you were out on business.
a. had come b. came c. would come d. would have come
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据上下文语境，准确推断出部分虚拟结构的使用。
【答案解析】根据对话情景可知，答句unfortunately, you were out on business.（不幸的是你出差了）实际上是上一句暗示的条件。从答句所给的特定的动词时态（一般过去时）来看，上句所说内容是对过去情况的假设，故暗示的条件句应为if i hadn’t been out on business，由此可见，选项部分为主句的谓语动词，表示与过去事实相反，应选用would have come。答案 d。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：虚拟语气```` (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面对虚拟语气在各种句式中的用法分别介绍。
（一）虚拟语气用于条件状语从句
1.表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be的过去式用were)”．而主句中的谓语动词用“would (should, could，might)＋动词原形.”例如：
if i were you, i should study english.
if he had time，he would attend the meeting.
2.表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had 过去分词”，主句中的谓语动词用 “would (should, could, might)＋have＋过去分词”．例如：
if you had taken my advice，you wouldn't have failed in the examination.
3．表示与将来事实相反的假设时．条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词与“表示现在事实相反的假设” 的谓语动词相同，或者条件从句中用“were to(should)＋动词原形”．例如：
if you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.
if it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
4.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：
if you had worked hard，you would be very tired.（从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。）
5.以上句型可以转换成下列形式：
（1）省略if, 用 ”were, had, should 主语“。如：
were i in school again, i would work harder.
had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
should there be a meeting tomorrow, i would come.
但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可以说：were it not for the expend, i would go to italy.但不能说：weren't it for the expense, i would go to italy.
(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如：
without air, there would be no living things.
but for your help, i couldn't have done it.
(3)用其他方式表示。例如：
it would produce bad results to do that.＝if you have done that，it would produce bad results.
(二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1．“wish 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望．汉语可译为“可惜……”“……就好了”“悔不该….”“但愿…”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望， 从句的谓语动词用过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would(could) 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望用“had＋过去分词”或（could）＋have done．例如：
i wish you could go with us.
we wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
2. 虚拟语气在动词 arrange, command. demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, advise, suggest, recommend, propose,等后面的宾语从句中用“(should) do”.例如：
we suggested that we（should) have a meeting.
we insisted that they（should) go with us.
the doctor ordered that she（should) stay in bed for a few days.
he demanded that we（should) start right away.
注意:insist作“力言”“强调”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作“坚持（认为）”“坚持（应该）”解时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如：mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
3．虚拟语气在动词mind中的使用
would you mind if i smoked here?
4. 虚拟语气在动词would rather 中的使用
i would rather i were at home now.
i’d rather he hadn’t done such foolish things.
(三) 虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句作advice idea, order, demand, plan, proposal，suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句时，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“（should)＋动词原形”．例如：
we all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to beijing for sightseeing.
my idea is that we（should）do exercises first.
(四)虚拟语气在as if (as though),even if (even though)等引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用
如果从句表示动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用过去时；指将来则用现在将来时．例如：
he looked as if he were an artist.
he speaks english so fluently as if he had studied english in england.
even if he were here，he could not solve the problem.
(五) 虚拟语气用于主语从句在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构“should 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。例如：it is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that .... we should clean the room every day.
it was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.
it will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would。主句所用动词的时态不限。注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气．反之。如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述语气，例如：
it is strange that he did not come yesterday.
it is a pity that you can't swim.
(六）虚拟语气用于定语从句这种从句常用在it is (high) time(that)…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或should 动词原形(should不能省略，be用were)来表示，意为“(现在）该……”。例如：it is（high) time we left（should leave)．
it is high time we were going.
（七）虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中
if only i had taken his advice.我要是听他的话就好了。
if only i were a bird.我如果是一只鸟就好了。
（八) 虚拟语气在简单句中的应用
1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚，客气，有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中，例如：it would be better for you not to stay up too late.
would you be kind enough to open the door?
(2)用于一些习惯表达法中，例如：would you like a cup of tea?
i would rather not tell you.
you had better go now.
(3)用“may 动词原形”表示“祝愿”“但愿”。
may you be happy！
may you succeed!
虚拟语气练习
1．i didn’t see your sister at the meeting. if she ____, she would have met my brother.
a. has come b. did come c. came d. had come
2. -where ____?
-i got stuck in the heavy traffic, otherwise i ____ here earlier.
a. did you go; had arrived b. have you been; would have been
c. were you; would come d. are you; would come
3. he ____ full marks, but he was so careless as to make some spelling mistakes.
a. must have gained b. can have gained c. could have gained d. must gain
4. without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____, too cold for us to live on.
a. would be freezing cold b. will be freezing coldly
c. would be frozen cold d. can freeze coldly
5. ____ the fog, we should have reached our school on time.
a. because of b. in spite of c. in case of d. but for
6. ____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the yangpu bridge.
a. were b. should c. would d. will
7. ____ to do the work, i should do it some other way.
a. if were i b. i were c. were i d. was i
8. had you taken the doctor’s advice yesterday, you ____ all right now.
a. are b. were c. would be d. would have been
9. if only i ____ some english, but i know nothing of it.
a. know b. knew c. known d. has known
10. he suggested that we ____ a meeting to discuss the problem and the worried
look on his face suggested that he ____ anxious to solve the problem.
a. should hold; was b. had done; should be set
c. do; be set d. should hold; should be
11. the young man insisted that he ____ nothing wrong and ____ free.
a. did; set b. had done; should be set
c. do; be set d. had done; must be set
12. i would have telephoned her, but i _____ her number.
a. hadn’t know b. didn’t know
c. don’t know d. wouldn’t have known
13. given a few more hours, they ____ the work that day.
a. would fulfil b. would have fulfilled
c. had fulfiled d. fulfiled
答案：1-5 dbcad 6-10 bccba 11 bbb
虚拟语气练习
1. he wished that he ___ the examination the next day.
a. would pass b. will pass c. passed d. has passed
2. with better equipment, we ___ the job even sooner.
a. would finish b. might finish
c. could have finished d. had finished
3. it __ only partly right to answer in this way.
a. will be b. would be c. is d. may be
解析：to answer in the way =if we answer in this way
4. everything taken into consideration, they ___ their output quickly.
a. would have raised b. can have raised
c. must have raised d. would raise
5. it seems as if it ___ already summer.
a. is b. were c. be d. should be
6. they both talked as if they ___ friends before.
a. should be b. had been c. would be d. have been
7. had she found it, she ___ it.
a. would have sent b. sent c. should send d. send
8. i’d rather you ___ right away.
a. leave b. left c. should leave d. will leave
9. without the communist party of china, ___new china.
a. there were not b. there would be no
c. there will be d. there hadn’t been
10. long ___ the communist party of china!
a. should live b. will live c. live d. lived
11. if you ___ the doctor’s advice, you ___ quite all right now.
a. had followed; were b. had followed; would be
c. had followed; would be d. followed; would be
12. we propose that mr white ___ the chairman.
a. be b. must c. will be d. is
13. zhao xin insisted that he ___ anything at all.
a. shouldn’t steal b. hadn’t stolen
c. not steal d. didn’t steal
14. we agreed to the plan that he ___ hong kong this summer.
a. had visited b. would visit c. visit d. could visit
15. meeting anywhere else, we ___ each other.
a. wouldn’t have recognized b. should recognize
c. could have recognized d. recognized
16. the production ___ up still more rapidly under the more favorable conditions.
a. would have gone b. will have gone
c. should go d. must have gone
17.you could have passed the exam, ___ you spent most of your time playing and reading useless books.
a. if b. or c. but d. unless
18.-hi, sam! you are late.
-sorry. i would have come sooner, but i ___ that you were waiting.
a. didn’t know b. know
c. hadn’t known d. haven’t known
19. one of the requirements for the fire is that the material ____ to its burning temperature.
a. is heated b. will be heated c. would be heated d. be heated
20. if he _____ that he _____ to work there, everything would be ok now.
a. insisted; be sent b. insisted; was sent
c. had insisted; be sent d. had insisted; was sent
21. my demand is that the information referred to in my report ____ to mr. brown without delay.
a. to be e-mailed b. e-mailed c. be e-mailed d. being e-mailed
22. i don’t think it advisable that jack _____ the job since he has little experience.
a. is given b. will be given c. be given d. has been given
23. -why didn’t tom give you one of his paintings?
-i didn’t want one, but he would have given me one if i _____.
a. do b. would c. will d. had
24. i’d rather you did some housework when you are free, but you ____.
a. didn’t b. shouldn’t c. weren’t d. don’t
25. this time tom _____ careful enough, otherwise he would not have passed the test.
a. will be b. was c. had been d. were
答案：1-5 acbab 6-10 babbc 11-15 cabca 16-20 acadc 21-25 ccddb
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：虚拟语气知多少 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
虚拟语气知多少
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 它的用法在表情达意的过程中发挥着重要的作用。近几年高考在单项选择这一题型中出现不多，但在完形填空和短文改错中仍然大量出现。例如，高考完形填空第38题考察的就是在篇章语境中的虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。虚拟语气的实际用法主要包括以下几种：
1、虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示“强烈的祝愿或命令的语气”。 常用“may 主语 动词原形”或“主语 动词原形”。例如：
may the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
you go out！ 你出去！
2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。由及物动词 wish引导的宾语从句常表示说话人的一种强烈的却暂时无法实现的愿望。
how i wish she would be on my side!(but in fact it’s quite impossible.我多么希望她能站在我一边啊！
how i wish i could help him! 我多么希望我能帮助他啊！
how i wish i had watched the close nba game last night.
另外，在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的及物动词（order, command, demand, require, insist, suggest,propose,advise）之后的宾语从句中的谓语动词同样常使用虚拟语气，表示说话人的要求，其结构为：主语 should 动词原形，其中的should常可省略。例如：
the head teacher demanded that we (should ) finish the task in time today.
但是，当insist表示“坚持认为”的意思时，或suggest表示“暗示”或“表明”之意时，宾语从句仍用陈述语气。试比较：
my parents insisted that i ( should) enter a key university.
my parents insisted that they were right.
the soldier’s pale face suggested that he was happy to have given his life to his motherland.
the monitor suggested that we (should ) hold a class meeting tomorrow afternoon to discuss the problem.
3、虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 “it is important (necessary, strange, natural, a pity, suggested, advised, demanded, commanded, ordered ) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词常用：“ should 动词原形 ”。例如：
it's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。
it's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。
it's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
同理，在表示“命令”、“坚持”、“要求”或“建议”等意义的名词前后的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词同样用虚拟语气，既：“主语 (should) 动词原形”的句型。例如：
his suggestion /advice is that we should start early tomorrow morning.
3、虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种虚拟形式，即虚拟条件现在式，过去式和将来式。
1) 虚拟条件现在式：表示与现在事实相反的假设及根本不可能的假设或结果：
条件状语从句 结果主句
if 主语 动词过去式（be 用were） 主语 would/could/should/might 动词原形
2)虚拟条件过去式：表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句 结果主句
if 主语 had 过去分词 主语 should/ would/could/might have 过去分词。
3）虚拟条件将来式：表示与将来事实相反的假设或结果：
条件状语从句 结果主句
if should /were to 动词原形 主语 should/ would/could/might 动词原形
if i were you, i should get it. 如果我是你，我就买了它。
if i had time now, i would study french. 如果我现在有时间，我会学习法语的。
if you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
if it were to be fine tomorrow, i would go shopping with my friends. 如果明天天气好，我将和朋友们一起去买东西。
4、有关虚拟语气的几个附加问题：
1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把条件状语从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面，使用部分倒装语序。 例如：
were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点， 她就会干这件事了。
had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
should it snow tomorrow, it would be exciting.要是明天能下雪的话，那就太棒了。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。 if i had time. 我要有时间该多好啊。
she should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致，这种句式就被称作为“混合虚拟条件句”。 if had 主语 过去分词， 主语 should/ would/could/might 动词原形
if they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
if he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
4）特殊句型：
it’s (high) time (that) sb. should do/过去式
sb. would rather (that) sb 过去式
5）含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有： （1）介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。
______________the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=if there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.
a. in spite of b. but for c. because of d. as for
but that she was afraid, she would have said no.
6)虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。例如：she often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮的阳光一样，常常流露出来。
they talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。
she looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。
由于虚拟语气结构复杂、用法众多，因此，尤其需要大家分清虚拟语气的结构，在语言实践中灵活运用！
配套强化训练：虚拟语气
1．were it not for the snowy weather, we all right.
a. would be b. would have been c. were d. may be
2. more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
a. if the captain were b. had the captain been
c. should the captain be d. if the captain would have been
3. if he me tomorrow, i would let him know.
a. should call b. should not have been able
c. were not able d. are not able
4. if you asked your father， you permission .
a. may get b. might get c. should have called d. maybe get
5. today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving c. were he to leave d. if he leaves
6. ______i you, i would go with him to the party.
a. was b. had been c. will be d. were
7.the millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished.
a. could lose b. would have lost c. might lose d. ought to have lost
8. had paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.
a. must have been b. would have been c. were d. would be
9. if you jerry brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.
a. shouldn’t contact b. didn’t contact c. weren’t to contact d. hadn’t contacted
10. he english examination, i would have gone to the concert last sunday
a. in spite of b. but for c. because of d. as for
11. look at the terrible situation i am in! if only i your advice
a. follow b. would follow c. had followed d. have followed
12. had paul received six more votes in the last election, he our chairman now.
a. must have been b. would have been c. were d. hadn’t contacted
13. if the horse won today, it thirty races in five years.
a. would have won b. won c. must have won d. did have won
14. there is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.
a. being there b. should there be c. there was d. there having been
15. how i wish that i ______ with you last night!
a. went b. have gone c. could go d. could have gone
16. i wish you to have a pleasant trip to beijing this month, _________?
a. can i b. may i c. don’t i d. do i
17. i would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but i ______
fully occupied the whole of last week.
a. were b. had been c. have been d. was
18. i apologize if i you, but i assure you it was unintentional.
a. offend b. had offended c. should have offended d. might have offended
19. if you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d there by now.
a. be b. circles c. is circling d. be circling
20. the sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _______round the earth.
a. were circling b. circles c. is circling d. be circling
21. i wish that i ______ with you last night.
a. went b. have gone c. could go d. could have gone
22. i wish i with her.
a. would be b. am c. was d. were
23. i wish that i the concert last night.
a. could b. have attended c. could have attended d. attended
24. the picture exhibition bored me to death. i wish i to it.
a. had not gone b. have not gone c. did not go d. can not have gone
25. “i wish you me to put these things away,” he said.
a. will help b. help c. are helping d. would help
26. if the watergate incident nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.
a. did not occur b. had not occurred c. was not occurring d. be circling
27. i hadn’t expected ___________james to apologize but i had hoped .
a. him calling me b. that he would call me c. him to call me d. that he call me
28. george would certainly have attended the proceedings .
a. if he didn’t get a flat tire b. if the flat tire hadn’t happened
c. had he not had a flat tire d. had the tire not flattened itself
29. the teacher suggested that her students experiences with esp.
a. write a composition on their b. to write composition about the
c. wrote some compositions of his or her d. had written any compositions for his
30. he speaks chinese as fluently as if he ______a chinese.
a. were b. had been c. is d. has been
31. as usual, he put on a show as though his trip a great success.
a. had been b. has been c. were d. was
32. looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.
a. has been b. was c. is d. had been
33. john is so strongly built that he looks as if he as elephant.
a. lifts b. is lifting c. lifted d. could lift
34. he described the town as if he it himself.
a. had seen b. has seen c. saw d. sees
35. at that thought he shook himself, as though he from an evil dream.
a. woke b. wakes c. would wake d. had woke
答案与详解
1．a．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。
2．b．条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。
3．a．条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。
4．b．条件句表示与未来事实的相反。
5．c．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。
6．d．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。
7．b．这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（b）would have lost为正确答案。
8．（d）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might) 动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（d）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。
9．（d）until recently，因此（d）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。
10．（b）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选but for为正确答案。
11．（c）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故if only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had 过去分词，所以正确答案是（c）。
12．d．注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟13．a．从句对过去的虚拟。 14．b．从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。 15.d.对过去的虚拟。
16．。
17．（d）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。
18．（b）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（a），因为（a）是现在时。（c）中should have 过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（d）选项中的might have 过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（b）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。
19．（a）该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（a）。
20．（a）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等) 动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（a）是正确答案。
21．d． 22．d． 23．c． 24．a． 25．d．
26．（b）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might) 动词原形的过去分词。
27．（b）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would 动词原形。
28．（c）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might) have 过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（b），（d）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（c）是正确答案。
29．（a）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略） 动词原形。
30．a．表示与现在相反的虚拟。
31．a．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
32．d．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
33．d．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。
34．a．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
35．c．
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篇6：虚拟语气配套练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
虚拟语气配套练习
1. the boy acted ____ he had never lived in canada before.
a. as though b. even if c. as d. since
2. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
a. if he went b. were he gone c. should he have gone d. had he gone
3. if you were older, i ____ you to go there yesterday.
a. will allow b. should allow c. would have allowed d. had allowed
4. the secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.
a. had brought b. should have brought c. brought d. bring
5. i wish i ____ able to tell him all about it last night.
a. was b. were c. had been d. should be
6. if we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
a. arrived/would catch b. arrived/would have caught
c. had arrived/had caught d. had arrived/would have caught
7. if i ____ more time, i would have gone with him.
a. had b. had had c. have had d. would have
8. he was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.
a. would come b. came c. would have come d. had come
9. the jade emperor ordered that the monkey king _____ right away.
a. would be arrested b. must be arrested c. be arrested d. had to be arrested
10. jane's uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer.
a. not staying b. not to stay c. that he not stay d. staying not
11. don't touch the sleeping tiger. if he woke up, he _____ you.
a. would come to b. would come at c. would have come toward d. will come to
12. without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
a. is b. will be c. would have been d. would be
13. how i wish i ____ to reapair the watch! i only made it worse.
a. had tried b. hadn't tried c. have tried d. didn't try
14. he demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done.
a. was written b. be written c. must be written d. would be written
15. the man insisted that he _____ there.
a. should send b. would be sent c. sent d. be sent
16. if he had not gone out in the storm _____.
a.he will be alive now b. he would be alive now c. he would have been alive now
17. if it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?
a. rains b. were to rain c. would rain d. rain
18. it is required that you ____ at six.
a. will arrive b. arrive c. arrived d. would arrive
19. if only i _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.
a. had known b. would know c. should know d. knew
20. he spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _____.
a. was far away b. had been far away c. were far away d. went far away.
21. if it ___ rain, we ___ get wet.
a. is to, should b. were to, would c. were going to, would d. was going to, should
22. if he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.
a. had listened, would have known b. listened, would know c. listened, would have known
d. had listened, would know
23. but for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.
a. would have died b. would die c. must have died d. must die
24. ___ today, he would got there for holiday.
a. was he leaving b. were he to leave c. would he leave d. if he leaves
25. i would have come earlier, but i ___ that you were waiting for me.
a. didn’t know b. hadn’t know c. would have known d. haven’t known
26. it’s high time that we ___ to school.
a. would to b. went c. go d. will go
27. it seems as if it ___ rain.
a. will b. is going to c. is to d. were going to
28. i’d rather you ___ right away.
a. leave b. left c. will leave d. to leave
29. he is working hard for fear that he ___.
a. fails b. failed c. would fail d. fail
30. it is really strange that the girl ___ so early.
a. has been married b. has married c. be married d. would marry
31. supposing i ___ this gift, what would he say?
a. accept b. accepted c. should accept d. would accept
32. the teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.
a. give b. should give c. be given d. would be given
33. i was busy yesterday, otherwise i ___ your birthday party.
a. attended b. had attended c. would attend d. would have attended
34. he insisted that he ___ me before.
a. see b. should see c. had seen d. saw
35. the two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years.
a. were b. would be c. have been d. had been
36. we ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.
a. would have lost b. should lose c. might lose d. could have lost
37. ---- i thought you would come back tomorrow.
---- i would if i ___ to attend a meeting.
a. don’t have b. didn’t have c. will not have d. would not have
38. he wishes ___ mistakes.
a. he doesn’t always make b. he isn’t always making c. he didn’t always make
d. he wouldn’t always making
39. it ___ very nice if only it were possible.
a. will be b. would be c. is d. were
40. without your help, our team ___ the last match.
a. won’t win b. will lose c. wouldn’t have won d. can’t win
41. i wish ___ i what to do.
a. knew b. have known c. know d. would know
42. ___, i would take an umbrella with me.
a. had i been you b. i were you c. were i you d. i had been you
43. if i had hurried, i ___ the train.
a. would catch b. could catch c. would have caught d. had caught
44. he insisted that john ___ it.
a. do b. does c. did d. would do
45. it is high time we ___ off.
a. are b. were c. be d. will be
46. he felt as if he ___ more time to study for the test.
a. needs b. were needed c. needed d. need
47. it is important that i ___ with mr. willians immediately.
a. speak b. spoke c. will speak d. to speak
48. james wishes he ___ the football game instead of the film.
a. saw b. see c. had been seen d. had seen
49. i wish ___.
a. he left b. he leaves me alone c. he be left d. he would leave me alone
50. if i had known that, i ___ so.
a. wouldn’t do b. wouldn’t have done c. won’t do d. have not done
51. the doctor suggested that she ___.
a. will not smoke b. not smoke c. would not smoke d. did not smoke
52. if i ___ you, i wouldn’t return the call.
a. be b. am c. was d. were
53. you talk as if you ___ there.
a. were really b. has really been c. had really been d. would really be
54. he suggested that the work ___ at once.
a. would started b. would be started c. should started d. should be started
55. it is strange that such a thing ___ in your school.
a. will happen b. happen c. should happen d. happened
56. it is imperative that you ___ on time.
a. are b. will be c. be d. would be
57. i didn’t go to the party, but i do wish i ___ there.
a. was b. were c. had been d. went
58. it is time we ___ up our results.
a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum
59. if the doctor had been available, the child ___.
a. would not die b. would not have died c. could not die d. could not have died
60. dr. bethune worked hard as if he ___.
a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d. was tired never
61. i enjoyed the movie very much. i wish i ___ the book from which it was made.
a. have read b. had read c. should have read d. am reading
62. you are late. if you ___ a few minutes earlier, you ___ him.
a. came/ would meet b. had come/ would have met c. come/ will meet
d. had come/ would met
63. i wish my husband ___ as well as yours.
a. had dressed b. dress c. will dress d. dressed
64. edison kept phosphorus carefully in a bottle lest it ___.
a. would burn b. burned c. was burning d. should burn
65. he looked as if he ___ ill for a long time.
a. was b. were c. has been d. had been
66. if the doctor had come earlier, the poor child ___.
a. would not have been lied there for two hours
b. would not have laid there for two hours
c. would not have lied there for two hours
d. would not have lain there for two hours
67. i wish that i ___ with you last night.
a. went b. could go c. have gone d. could have gone
68. let’s say you could go there again, how ___ feel?
a. will you b. should you c. would you d. do you
69. mr. brown left for london long ago. that’s pity. i wish ___.
a. i meet him. b. i’ll have met him c. i’d had met him d. i’d meet him
70. i can’t stand him. he always talks as though he ___ everything.
a. knew b. knows c. has known d. had known
71. i wish i ___.
a. will tell him that b. didn’t tell him that
c. told him not that d. had not told him that
72. if you had told me in advance, i ___ him at the airport.
a. would meet b. would had meet c. would have met d. would have meet
73. kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again. i certainly wish he ___ me how.
a. teaches b. will teach c. has taught d. would teach
74. i would have told him the answer had it been possible but i ___ so busy then.
a. had been b. were c. was d. would be
75. i wish i ___ able to tell him all about it last night.
a. should be b. were c. had been d. was
76. if it ___ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
a. had rained b. would had rained c. have seen d. did see
77. he suggested that they ___ use a trick instead of fighting.
a. should b. would c. do d. had
78. my father did not go to new york; the doctor suggested that he ___ there.
a. not went b. won’t go c. not go d. not to go
79. i would have gone to the meeting if i ___ time.
a. had had b. have had c. had d. would have had
80. john wished ___.
a. he will study more b. he had studied more c. he studies
d. he won’t have studied more
81. you look so tired tonight. it is time you ___.
a. go to sleep b. went to sleep c. go to bed d. went to bed
82. “why didn’t you buy a new car?” “i would have bought one if i ___ enough money. ”
a. had b. have had c. would have d. had had
83. i recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible.
a. finishing writing b. should finish the writing c. finish writing d. finished writing
84. if she could sew, ___.
a. she make a dress b. she would have made a shirt c. she will make a shirt
d. she would had made a coat
85. ___ today, he would get there by friday.
a. would he leave b. was he leaving c. were he to leave d. if he leaves
86. his doctor suggested that he ___ a short trip abroad.
a. will take b. would take c. take d. took
87. the bakers arrived last night, if they’d only let us know earlier, ___ at the station.
a. we’d meet them b. we’ll meet them c. we’d have met them d. we’ve met them
88. if i __ you, i ___ more attention to english idioms and phrases.
a. was/ shall pay b. am/ will pay c. would be/ would pay d. were/ would pay
89. we might have failed if you ___ us a helping hand.
a. have not given b. would not give c. had not given d. did not give
90. the law requires that everyone ___ his car checked at least once a year.
a. has b. had c. have d. will have
91. i wish ___ i busy yesterday; i could have helped you with the problem.
a. hadn’t been b. weren’t c. wasn’t d. have not been
92. had i known her name, ___.
a. or does she know mine? b. and where does she live?
c. she would be beautiful d. i would have invited her to lunch
93. he has just arrived, but he talks as if he ___ all about that.
a. know b. knows c. known d. knew
94. if i ___ the money, i would have bought a much bigger car.
a. possessed b. owned c. had d. had had
95. i wish i ___ a young man again.
a. am b. was c. were d. will be
96. the librarian insists that john ___ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed.
a. will take b. took c. take d. takes
97. i left very early last night, but i wish i ___ so early.
a. didn’t b. hadn’t left c. haven’t left d. couldn’t leave
98. i do not have a job. i would find one but i ___ no time.
a. had b. didn’t have c. had had d. have
99. i wish that you ___ such a bad headache because i’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.
a. hadn’t b. didn’t have had c. hadn’t had d. hadn’t have
100. he insisted that we all ___ in his office at one o’clock.
a. be b. to be c. would be d. shall be
101. helen couldn’t got to france after all. that’s too bad, i’m sure she would have enjoyed it if ___.
a. she’s gone b. she’ll go c. she’d gone d. she’d go
102. i must go there earlier. john has suggested that i ___ an hour before the discussion begins.
a. go b. shall go c. will go d. would go
103. if her husband had not liked the dress ___.
a. she would be delighted b. he would get mad
c. she would have returned it d she must have taken it back to the store
104. if i ___ you, i ___ worry.
a. were/ wouldn’t b. was/ wouldn’t c. been/ would have d. be/ would
105. we ___ delighted if the report ___ true.
a. were/ were b. shall be/ were c. should be/ were d. were/ would be
106. if he ___ here, he ___ you.
a. had been/ would have helped c. would have been/ should have helped
b. were/ had helped d. would have been/ would had helped
107. if i ___ so busy, i ___ the lecture that day.
a. were not be/ should attend b. should not/ should have attend
c. was not/ would attend d. had not been/ would have attended
108. if i ___ the way to new york, i ___.
a. knew / would drive b. knew/ will drive
c. knew/ would have drive d. had known/ would drive
109. but for the leadership of our party, we ___.
a. shouldn’t succeed b. could not have succeed
c. will not succeed d. should not have succeeded
110. you ___ the train if you ___ a little earlier.
a. could take/ started b. could have taken/ had started
c. could take/ had started d. could have taken / started
1.a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. d 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. c 11. b 12. d 13. b 14. b 15. d 16. c 17. b 18. b 19. d 20. b.21.b 22. d 23. a 24. b 25. a 26. b 27. b 28. b 29. d 30. c 31. b 32. c 33. d 34. c 35. d 36. a 37. b 38. c 39. b 40. c 41. a 42. c 43.c 44. a 45. b 46.c 47. a 48 d 49. d 50. b 51. b 52. d 53. c 54. d 55. c 56. c 57. c 58. b 59. b 60. b 61. b 62. b 63. d 64. d 65. d 66. d 67. d 68. c 69. c 70. a 71. d 72. c 73. d 74. c 75. c 76. a 77. a 78. c 79. a 80. b 81. d 82. d 83. c 84. b 85. c 86. c 87. c 88. d 89. c 90. c 91. a 92. d 93. d 94. d 95. c 96. c 97. b 98. d 99. c 100. a 101. c 102. a 103. c 104. a 105. c 106. a 107. d 108. a 109. d 110. b
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篇7：高三英语复习与训练十六一--虚拟语气 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高三英语复习与训练十六一--虚拟语气
16. 虚拟语气
1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。
2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
16.1 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表：
句 型 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will 动词原形
祈使句
情态动词一般现在时
例如：if he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
the volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
a. will rain b. rains c. rained d. is rained
答案b。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
（错） if you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
（对） if you leave now, you will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） 动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
16.2 非真实条件句
1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。
a. 与现在事实相反的假设
条件从句 主句
一般过去时（be用were） should（would）等 动词原形
例如：if they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。
含义：they are not here, they can’t help you.
b. 与过去事实相反的假设
条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should（would）等 have 过去分词
例如：if he had come yesterday, i should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。
含义：he did not come yesterday, so i did not tell him about it.
c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should/would等 动词原形
were 不定式
should 动词原形
例如：if you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。
if you should succeed, everything would be all right.
if you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
含义：you are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.
16.3 混合条件句
有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：
if you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
if it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。
16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：
were they here now, they could help us. =if they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。
had you come earlier, you would have met him. =if you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。
should it rain, the crops would be saved. =were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用“were”，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：
if i were you, i would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
if he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, i should do it some other day.
a. if were i b. i were c. were i d. was i
答案c. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had 主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 were i not to do, 而不能说 weren't i to do。
16.5 特殊的虚拟语气词should
1）在主语从句中的应用
it is demanded / necessary / a pity that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
it is 可用的词有三类 that （should）do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist （should） do等。例如：
i suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
he insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错： （错） you pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.
（对） your pale face suggests that you are ill.
（错） i insisted that you（should）be wrong.
（对） i insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should） 动词原形。例如：
my idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
i make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。
16.6 wish的用法
1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
主句 从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were） 现在时 过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had 过去分词） 过去时 过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could 动词原形
例如：i wish i were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
he wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
i wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do。例如：
i wish to see the manager. = i want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。
i wish the manager to be informed at once. （= i want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。
16.7 比较if only与only if
only if表示“只有”；if only则表示“如果……就好了”。if only也可用于陈述语气。例如：
i wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
if only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。
if only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
16.8 it is （high） time that
it is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。例如：
it is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。
it is high time that the children should go to bed.
16.9 need “不必做”和“本不必做”
didn't need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如：
john went to the station with the car to meet mary, so she didn't need to walk back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
john went to the station with the car to meet mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 （mary步行回家了，没有遇上john的车。）
典型例题
there was plenty of time. she ___.
a. mustn't have hurried b. couldn't have hurried c. must not hurry d. needn't have hurried
答案d。needn't have done. 意为“本不必”，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, “不可能已经”。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。
16.10 虚拟语气练习
1.everything ______ if albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
a.will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed
b.would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed
2.if you hadn’t gone with tom to the party last night,______.
a.you would meet john already b. you won’t have missed john
c.you will have met john d. you would have met john
3.supposing this ship ______ , do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?
a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were to sink d. sunk
4.the insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if ______ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.
a. it is not b. it were not c. were it not d. they were not
5.the teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation.
a. made b. make c. makes d. will make
6.frankly, i’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.
a. do b. don’t do c. didn’t do d. will not do
7.after the way she treated you, if i ______ in your place.
a. be b. am c. was d. were
8.the idea is that the nation ______ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.
a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send
9.it’s high time you ______.
a. start to work b. would start to work c. started to work d. had started to work
10.“if i hadn’t practiced when i was younger,” the musician says,“i ______ able to play so well now.”
a. wouldn’t be b. won’t be c. wouldn’t have been d. couldn’t have been
11.it is imperative that you ______ there in person.
a. are b. were c. be d. will be
12.the atomic structure is, ______, a miniature solar system.
a. as it were b. as if they were c. as it were d. as if are
13.we required that the machine parts ______ cast iron.
a. is made of b. be made from c. be made of d. is made by
14.the management urged that the cost of production ______.
a.to be further reduced b. was further reduced
b.be further reduced d. should further reduced
15.the business is risky. but ______ we would be rich.
a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed
16.i wish our teacher ______ to give another test. i haven’t got prepared yet.
a. isn’t going b. weren’t going c. will not going d. could have gone
17.i wish i ______ to the movies with you last night.
a. went b. did go c. could go d. could have gone
18.i’d just as soon ______ rudely to her.
a. that you won’t speak b. your not speaking c. you not speak d. you didn’t speak
19.if i ______ in the twenty-first century, i ______ my vacation in a very different way.
a. should live…would spend b. will live ….should spend
c. are living … should have spent d. will be living…would have spent
20.it is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary.
a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil
21.his english teacher recommends that he ______ a regular degree program.
a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning
22.we prefer that the plan ______ before being put into execution.
a.is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed
c.be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed
23.what do you think of his proposal that improvements ______ in the old type of vacuum cleaner?
a. be made b. will be made c. would be made d. will have to be made
24.the doctor’s advice is that the patient ______ about his real physical condition.
a.be not told b. not be told c. will not be told d. must not be told
25.______,we could not have finished the work on time.
a.if they do not help us b. was it not for their help
c.should they offer to help us d. but for their help
26.if we had been more careful, we ______ much better results now.
a. got b. had got c. would be getting d. would have got
27.henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past.
a. would be b. is c. will be d. was
28.they thought it desirable that an armed guard ______ in readiness.
a. stands b. stand c. stood d. would stand
29.all science students, ______,should have a good foundation in basic sciences.
a.whether they are future physicists and chemists
b.they are future physicists of chemists
c.they should be future physicists of chemists
d.be they future physicists or chemists
30.sally can’t have written tome, or ______ the letter by now.
a. i’ll get b. i’ll have got c. i’d have got d. i’d get
31.i should very much like to have gone to the party but i ______.
a. am not invited b. was not invited c. shall not be invited d. am not being invited
32.there is a general understanding among the members of the board of directors that chief attention ______ to the undertaking that is expected to bring in highest profit.
a. is given b. gives c. should be given d. must be given
33.one of the requirements for a fire is that the material ______ to its burning temperature.
a. be heated b. is heated c. would be heated d. to heat
34.“did you go to see the football match yesterday?”
“no. i didn’t feel well, but i would have gone if i ______.”
a.did b. have c. would d. had
35.if we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we ______ her at the bus station.
a. may have met b. might meet c. may meet d. might have met
36.we’re safer in a train than we would be if we ______ any other way.
a. traveled b. had traveled c. travel d. have traveled
37.he told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which i ______ of hunger and cold.
a. would be died b. would have died c. would die d . will have died
38.______ today, he would get there by friday.
a.was he leaving b. if he is leaving c. were he to leave d. if he leaves
39.had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight ______.
a.could be not solved b. could not be solved
b.could not have been solved d. could not have solved
40.he is a poorly learnt man. but he acts as though he ______.
a. is b. were c. should be d. seems like
41.the driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ______ on the way.
a. goes wrong b. go wrong c. went wrong d. would go wrong
42.______ the fog, we should have reached our destination.
a. because of b. in spite of c. in case of d. but for
43.the old man went to office on foot, but he ______ by bus.
a. might have gone b. ought have gone c. could have gone d. should be gone
44.he is working hard for fear that he ______ to pass the exam.
a. fails b. may fail c. should fail d. would fail
45.she put on her glasses in order that she _____.
a. can see b. saw c. had seen d. might see
46.whatever ______ we’ll go ahead.
a. had happened b. will happen c. might happen d. may be happened
47.if i ______ out of ink, i might have finished writing the paper.
a. hadn’t run b. shouldn’t run c. didn’t run d. haven’t run
48.but for your advice, i ______ into trouble.
a. would get b. got c. might have got d. should get
49.______ for the traffic jam, i should have covered fifty miles.
a. had it been b. had it not been c. it had not been d. it not had been
50.were it not for the adoption of the open policy, things ______ they are today.
a. would never be b. could have been c. would never have been d. didn’t have
51.if only i ______ there.
a. have not been b. would not been c. will not be d. had not been
52.tom would buy that bicycle but he ______ no money.
a. had b. has c. had had d. has had
53.i didn’t go to the party, but i do wish i _____ there.
a. was b. were c. had been d. went
54.it is time we ______ up our results.
a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. would sum
55.dr bethune worked hard as if he ______.
a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d . was tired never
56.i enjoyed the movie very much. i wish i ______ the book from which it was made.
a. have read b. should have read c. am reading d. had read
57.it is strange that such a thing ______ in your school.
a.will happen b. happens c. should happen d. happened
58.if she could sew,______.
a.she make a dress b. she would have made a shirt
c.she will make a shirt d. she would had made a coat
59.“did you notice john was not at work today?”
“no. if ______ working, i would have noticed it.”
a.i’d be b. i wasn’t c. i’d been d. weren’t
60.“why don’t you explain it to her?”
“i ______ it to her if i thought she would understand.”
a.would explain b. will explain c. explain d. would have explained
61.“your performance was very good.”
“i could have done better if i ______ more time.”
a. have had b. had c. had had d. will have had
62.“she wouldn’t drink her medicine last night, would she?”
“______.”
a.no, but i wish she wouldn’t b. no, but i wish she had
b.yes, i wish she drank d. yes, i wish she could
63.i think it advisable that he ______ for tokyo soon.
a. will leave b. may leave c. leave d. leaves
64.the committee asked that the matter ______ at the next meeting.
a. would be discussed b. will be discussed c. be discussed d. may be discussed
65.______ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive today.
a.if he went b. were he gone c. should he had gone d. had he gone
66.______ the work, he would do it some other way.
a. was he going b. if he does c. were he to do d. if he is doing
67._____,i hardly think i would have recognized him.
a.should his name not be mentioned b. had someone not mentioned his name
c.if someone did not mention his name d. if someone had mentioned his name
68.i’d just as soon ______ to the theatre tonight.
a. not going b. not to go c. not go d. that i won’t go
69.at the last committee meeting, the motion that the club ______ open until midnight was defeated.
a. remains b. remain c. remained d. would remain
70.the business of each day, ______ selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
a. it being b. be it c. was it d. it was
22.14虚拟语气练习答案
1 d 19 a 37 b 55 b
2 d 20 a 38 c 56 d
3 c 21 b 39 c 57 c
4 b 22 c 40 b 58 b
5 b 23 b 41 b 59 c
6 c 24 a 42 d 60 a
7 d 25 d 43 c 61 c
8 c 26 c 44 c 62 b
9 c 27 a 45 d 63 c
10 a 28 b 46 c 64 c
11 c 29 d 47 a 65 d
12 c 30 c 48 c 66 c
13 c 31 b 49 b 67 b
14 c 32 c 50 c 68 c
15 a 33 a 51 d 69 b
16 b 34 d 52 b 70 b
17 d 35 d 53 c 71
18 d 36 a 54 b 72
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇8：高考英语陷阱题总结--虚拟语气 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--虚拟语气
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. i forget where i read the article, or i _____ it to you now.
a. will show b. would show
c. am going to show d. am showing
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】正确答案选b.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if i didn’t forget where i read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话--但事实上忘了）。
2. “it looks as if he were drunk.” “so it does. _____.”
a. he’d better give up drinking
b. he shouldn’t have drunk so much
c. health is more important than drink
d. i wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。
【分析】最佳答案为d.关键信息是it looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是d.
3. “mary looks hot and dry” “so _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
a. do b. are
c. will d. would
【陷阱】容易误选a或c.选a者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选c者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。
【分析】此题最佳答案为d.分析如下：
（1） “so 助动词 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：
he likes to watch tv, and so do i. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。
when animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。
（2） 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选d.
4. “he will come tomorrow.” “but i’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
a. will come b. is coming
c. came d. had come
【陷阱】容易误选a或b.根据上文的 he will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。
【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 c.按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：
i’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。
i would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。
i’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。
请再做以下试题（答案均为b）：
（1） “shall i come tomorrow ？” “i’d rather you ______.”
a. won’t b. didn’t
c. don’t d. wouldn’t
（2） “i’ve told him about it.” “but i’d rather you ______.”
a. didn’t b. hadn’t
c. don’t d. wouldn’t
（3） “he will take you as well.” “but i’d rather he ______.”
a. won’t b. didn’t
c. doesn’t d. wouldn’t
5. all the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
a. should be; be operated on
b. were; must be operated on
c. was; should be operated
d. was; be operated on
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选 d.insist后的从句谓语有时用“should 动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选d最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选b）：
（1） the patient insisted that he _______ ill and _______ to the hospital.
a. wasn’t, wasn’t sent b. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent
c. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent d. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
（2） the man in prison insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and _______ set free.
a. should do, should be b. had done, should be
c. had done, had been d. should do, had been
（3） i advised that he ______ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he ______ quite well then.
a. was sent; felt b. be sent; was feeling
c. he sent; feel d. should be sent; should feel
6. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
a. was he given up b. had he given up
c. did he give d. if he gave up
【陷阱】容易误选 d.
【分析】正确答案应选b.之所以不能选d，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像d项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：
were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= if they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。
had i been there, i would have filmed the occasion.= if i had been there, i would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. “i still haven’t thanked aunt lucy for her present.” “it’s time you _____.”
a. do b. did
c. had d. would
2. if i hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. i really _____ what i would have done.
a. don’t know b. hadn’t known
c. wasn’t knowing d. wouldn’t know
3. “i’ve told everyone about it.” “oh, i’d rather you _____.”
a. don’t b. hadn’t
c. couldn’t d. wouldn’t
4. it has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
a. can’t get b. won’t get
c. hadn’t got d. wouldn’t get
5. “do you know his address？” “no, i also wish i _____ where he _____.”
a. knew, live b. knew, lives
c. know, lives d. know, lived
6. “isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises？” “yes, it is. would you like to join us？”
a. begin b. have begun
c. began d. had begun
7. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.
a. wouldn’t have fallen b. had not fallen
c. should fall d. were to fall
8. he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
a. had scored b. scored
c. would score d. would have scored
9. if only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
a. lies b. lay
c. had lain d. should lie
10. without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
a. would be freezing cold b. will be freezing coldly
c. would be frozen cold d. can freeze coldly
11. yesterday, jane walked away from the discussion. otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
a. had said b. said
c. might say d. might have said
12. you didn’t let me drive. if we ____ in turn, you ____ so tired.
a. drove; didn’t get b. drove; wouldn’t get
c. were driving; wouldn’t get d. had driven; wouldn’t have got
13. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______.
a. breaks b. has broken
c. were broken d. had been broken
14. but for the help you gave me, i _______ the examinations.
a. would have passed b. would pass
c. wouldn’t have passed d. wouldn’t pass
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选b.it’s time you did 为 it’s time you thanked aunt lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
2. 选a.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 i don’t know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 i don’t know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知（指现在不知）我会做出什么蠢事来”。
3. 选b.i’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。
4. 选a.we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。
5. 选b.第一空填 knew，因为 i wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气（即用过去式表示现在的想法）；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 i wish 的内容。
6. 选c.it’s time… / it’s high time… / it’s about time… 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。
7. 选 b.此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 melinda cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。
8. 选 d.这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 d.
9. 选 c.if only 意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 c.
10. 选 a.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。
11. 选 d.otherwise 在此相当于 if she had not walked away from the discussion，即暗示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
12. 选 d.根据句中的 didn’t let me drive 可知，这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句，条件句的谓语用 had 过去分词，主句谓语用 would / should / could / might have 过去分词。
13. 选 c.as if 引导的句子，有时用虚拟语气，有时不用。原则上说，若指事实或可能为事实，不用虚拟语气；若指现在，从句谓语动词用一般过去时（be 用 were）；若指过去用过去完成时，若指将来用过去将来时或用 were to do sth.又如下面一题要选 c：
it seems as if the sun ____ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west.
a. circles b. is circling
c. were circling d. has been circling
14. 选c.but for 的意思是“若不是，要不是”，用于引出与事实相反的假设，通常与虚拟语气连用。根据句中的 the help you gave me，可知它表示与过去事实相反，故选c.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇9：虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握： (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：
1、虚拟条件句。
2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：
条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：
if 主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋动词原形，如：
if i were you, i would study hard.
if it rained, i would not be here now.
2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：
if 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：
if the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
if i had not studied hard, i would have failed in the exam last term.
3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：
＋do，主语＋should（could…）＋ 原形 do
过去时（与现在事实条件句一样）。
if it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
if i were to go to the moon one day, i could see it with my own eyes.
if you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意问题：
1、if条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。
3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：
had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
were i to go to the moon one day, i would see it with my own eyes.
should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、名词性虚拟语气：
在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：
主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：
mother insisted that john go to bed at 9 o’clock.（宾语从句）
we suggested that the meeting should not be held.
it was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）
the suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）
that is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）
注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。
三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
1、wish后的宾语从句：
与现在愿望不一致 主语＋过去时；
与过去愿望不一致 主语＋had＋过去分词；
与未来愿望不一致 主语＋would（could）＋原形。
i wish i were you.
i wish i had visited the white house when i was in the states.
i wish i met you tomorrow at the party.
2、it’s time句型：当it’s time后用that从句时应该为：
主语＋should＋原形 或 主语＋过去时，例如：
it’s time that you went to school. 或
it’s time that you should go to school.
3、if only引起的感叹句相当于“how i wish＋宾语从句”
if only he could come! 他要能来就好了。
if only i had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。
4、would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：
i’d rather you posted the letter right away.
i’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
she loves the children as if they were hers.
alan talked about rome as if he had been there.
5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。
without you, i would never know him.
but for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
but that she was afraid, she would have said no.
i would be most glad to help you, but i’ am busy now.
i would have come to the party yesterday, but i was working.
i am busy now, otherwise i would do you the favor!
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇10：语法系列复习十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。
一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法
常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：
long live the peoples republic of china!中华人民共和国万岁！
be happy! 快乐！
have a good time! 玩得愉快！
succeed! 成功！
make progress! 进步！
二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：
1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法
1） 表示与现在事实相反
条件从句 主句
一般过去时（be多用于were） would/should/could/might＋动词原形
例如：if i were you,i should accept the invitation.
如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
if i had time,i would go there.
如果我有空，我就去那儿。
2） 与过去事实相反
条件从句 主句
过去完成时 would/should/could/might＋have done
例如：if you had come earlier,you couldnt/wouldnt have missed the bus.
如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
if he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
3） 与将来事实可能相反
条件从句 主句
一般过去时（be多用were）
should do,were to do would/should/could/might＋动词原形
例如：if it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be
put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）
if you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.
万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
4） if的省略
如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should
置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。
例如：should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
5)条件句或主句的省略
当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。
例如：--why didnt you attend the party yesterday?
--i would/should have,but i was too busy then.
i was surprised that you didnt like this job.you could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.）
6)混合时间条件句与主句
条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。
例如：if the teacher hadnt been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/if you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now.
7)含蓄条件句与主句
即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if从句。
例如：without/but for his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.
＝if his help,we wouldnt have made such great progress.
2.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：
在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：
the man speaks as if he were a foreigner./the speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./they talked as if they had been good friends for years.
注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：it looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）
3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：
1） 在wish后的宾语从句中的用法：
a．与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done”形式。例如：i wish i had passed yesterdays exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。
b．与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did”形式。例如：he wishes he was as clever as you./i wish i had a large room to live in.
c．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do”形式。例如：how i wish i would go abroad next year!
2)在suggest,propose,demand,request,require,order,insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should) do”形式。例如：i suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/
insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.
3)在“it is (about/high) time＋that从句”结构中，that从句的谓语用一般过去
时或“should do”形式。例如：it is high time he 他该开始了。
4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,
advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do”形式。例如：
my suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./he gave an order that the work be done at once.
虚拟语气考点分析
1．--alice,why didnt you come yesterday?
--i _____,but i had an unexpected visitor. (nmet)
a.had b.would c.was going to d.did
析:此题a、d明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。b选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为i would have come if i hadnt had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。
2．if there were no subjunctive,english ______ much easier. (nmet)
a.will be b.would have been c.could have been d.would be
析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为d。
3．the guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (nmet)
a.obeys b.obey c.will obey d.would obey
析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是b。
4．i wish i _____ you yesterday.
a.seen b.did see c.had seen d.were to see
析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为c。
5．-- if he _____ ,he _____ that food.
-- luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (nmet)
a.was warned;would not take b.had been warned;would not have taken
c.wuld be warned;had not taken d.would have been warned;had not taken
析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为b。
6.without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (nmet)
a.is b.will be c.would have been d.would be
析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为d。
7．when a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (nmet)
a.breaks b.has broken c.were broken d.had been broken
析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为c。
8．you didnt let me drive.if we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired. (nmet)
a.drove;didnt get b.drove;wouldnt get
c.were driving;wouldnt get d.had driven;wouldnt have got
析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是d。
9．i didnt see your uncle at the party.if he _____ ,he would have said hello to
me.
a.would come b.had come c.came d.did come
析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为b。
10．_____ it _____ for your help,i couldnt have made any progress.
a.had;not been b.should;not be c.did;not be d.not;be
析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选a，had it not been for your help＝if it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）
11．mr smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.
a.should come to b.would have attended
c.would come to d.should have attended
析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为b。
倒装句型
英语的倒装有两大类型：
一、全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：
1． here,there,away,in,out,down,up,off,back,now,then等在句首时引起全部倒装。
例如：
here is a letter for you./there goes the last train./the door opened,and in came mr smith./away went the boy./down came the rain and up went the umbrellas./back came the others./out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand./then came a noise like thunder./now comes the bus.
2． 介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。例如：
in the corner of the room stands a writing－table./south of the city lies a big factory./under the bed lies a cat./in these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.
注：以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如lie,live,sit,stand,be,come,go,rise,walk,run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。例如：
here it rains a lot every month of the year./here we are!/off you go!/then she went to the shop.
3．在there be 结构中，采用全部倒装语序。例如：
there is a book in the bag.
表 系 主语
4．代词such作表语，意“这样的人”“这样的物”，应置于句首，其后全部倒装。例如：
such were the facts./such would be our home in the future.
二、部分倒装：指部分谓语（如助动词、情态动词）位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情况：
1．一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。例如：has he finished his work?/its
a lovely day,isnt it?
2．特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。例如：
when did you go there?/which do you like best?
3．only修饰动词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装。例如：
only when the rain stopped did the match start again.
注：“only＋名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。例如：
only he can do it.(正) only can he do it. (误)
4．含有否定意义的副词，如：not,never,neither,nor,seldom,hardly,little等置于句
首时，要求部分倒装。例如：
hardly can i believe that./never has he been to the great wall./seldom does she
write to me.
5．not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部
分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。例如；
not only should we study science,but also we should pay attention to politics.
注：若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。
6．not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。例如：
not until he was ten did he go to school./not until yesterday did i realize what trouble he was in.
7．hardly…when…;no sooner…than…句型中，若hardly,no sooner位于句首时，主句
中要求部分倒装。例如：
hardly had i entered the room when the phone rang./no sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.
8．so表“也”、“同样”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。例如：
you can swim,so can i./if you go,so will i.
倒装语序考点分析
1． not only _____ polluted but _____ crowded. (上海高考)
a.was the city;were the streets b.the city was;the streets were
c.was the city;the streets were d.the city was;were the streets
析：not only部分要部分倒装，可排除b、d。but(also)部分不要倒装，故c为正确答案。
2． little _____ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.
(上海高考)
a．does he care b.did he care c.he care d.he cared
析：否定意义的little在句首，该句要倒装，故答案在a、b之中选择一个，因a的时
态不对，故答案为b。
3．only in this way _____ progess in your english. (nmet)
a.you make b.can you make c.you be able to make d.will you able to come
析：only 修饰in this way置于句首，句子要部分倒装，故答案为b。
4．not until all the fish died in the river _____ how serious the pollution was.(nmet)
a.did the villagers realize b.the villagers realized
c.the villagers did realize d.didnt the villagers realize
析：由于not until在句首，主句要采用部分倒装，这样先可排除b、c，又由于d不
应该用didnt,故a为正确答案。
5．be quick! _____
a.the bus comes here b.the bus here comes
c.here the bus comes d.here comes the bus
析：用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作出现在倒装句中，所以此题答案为d。（＝the bus is coming here.）
6．on the wall _____ two large portraits. (nmet)
a.hangs b.hang c.hanged d.hanging
析：由于介词短语on the wall位于句首，全句要采用完全倒装式，因为主语是复数，所以正确答案为b。
虚拟语气、倒装句型专练
1. little _____ about what others think.
a.he has cared b.he cares c.cared he d.does he care
2._____ got into the room _____ the telephone rang. (nmet)
a.he hardly had;then b.hardly had he;when
c.he had not;than d.not had he;when
3.only by practising a few hours every day _____ be able to master the language.
(上海高考)
a．you can b.can you c.you will d.will you
4.if i _____ him yesterday i _____ him about it.
a.saw;would ask b.had seen;would have asked
c.had seen;would ask d.saw;would have asked
5.what do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days?
a.is b.will be c.were d.would be
6._____ you succeed in everything and _____ you be healthy.
a.hope;wish b.wish;hope c.may;may d.expect;hope
7.but for your help,i _____ the place.
a.cant find b.cant have found c.couldnt have found d.havent found
8.if her lawyer _____ here last sunday,he _____ her from going.
a.had been;would have prevented b.had been;would prevent
c.were;would prevent d.were;would have prevented
9.if it had not been for the liberation,no changes _____ place in my hometown.
a.would have taken b.would have been taken c.will taken d.will be taken
10._____ late tommorrow,who would take her place?
a.should miss green come b.if miss green would come
c.miss green should come d.if miss green comes
11._____ it _____,the crops _____ be saved.
a.had;rained;could b.should;rain;would
c.if;rains;should d.would;rain;should
12.the actor is over fifty.but he acts as if he _____ a young man.
a.is b.will be c.should be d.were
13.it seems as if it ____ already summer now.
a.were b.be c.is d.had been
14.i wish i _____ him the day before yesterday.
a.saw b.could see c.had seen d.was seeing
15.i made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made.
a.stick to b.stuck to c.insist d.insisted on
16.it is suggested that a study plan _____ right now.
a.is made b.is to be made c.be made d.had been made
17.they required that we _____ them get in the crops.
a.help b.helped c.were helping d.would help
18.she should have attended the class,but she _____ .
a.hadnt b.hasnt c.didnt d.doesnt
19.it was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library,which made the smokers unhappy.
a.is forbidden b.would permit c.be allowed d.should not be allowed
20.not once _____ his view of life.
a.did the gentleman mention b.the gentleman mentioned
c.mentioned the gentleman d.does the gentleman mention
21.in the sun _____ a group of young soldiers,gun in hand.
a.did stand b.had stood c.standing d.stood
22. --you forgot to hand in your homework yesterday.
--good heavens! _____.here you are.
a.so i did b.so did i c.i did,too d.so you have
23._____ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise.
a.out did he rush b.rushed he out c.out rushed he d.out he rushed
24.no sooner _____ finished the composition _____ the light went out.
a.i had;when b.i had;than c.had i;when d.had i;than
25.it was not until _____ to prepare his lessons.
a. did his father come in that the boy began
b. his father came in that the boy began
c. did his father come in did the boy begin
d. his father came in did the boy begin
26._____,so you are not a friend of mine.
a.i never saw you before b.never before i have seen you
c.never before have i seen you d.never had i seen you before
27.--david has made great progress recently.
--_____,and _____. (上海高考)
a.so he has;so you have b.so he has;so have you
c.so has he;so have you d.so has he;so you have
28.never _____ till tomorrow what may be done today.
a.put off b.do put off c.did you put off d.you will put off
29.--have you written these letters?
--no,_____ time to do any other work yet.
a.hardly i have b.i have had hardly
c.i have hardly had d.i hardly have had
30._____ get such a pair of shoes for my son?
a.where do you think can i b.do you think where can i
c.do you think where i can d.where do you think i can
31.then _____ that the enemy were gone.
a.the news came b.came the news c.did the news come d.did come the news
32.--what a beautiful bridge,_____?
--yes,_____?
a.isnt it;isnt it b.is it;is it c.isnt it;it is d.is it;it isnt
33.along the path _____,on which _____ “keep off the grass”.
a.stood some signs;were written b.stood some signs;wrote
c.some signs stood;were written d.some signs stood;wrote
34.he took a taxi so that he _____ there in time.
a.was able to be b.got c.could get d.should get
35.id rather tom _____ tomorrow.
a.come b.would come c.came d.will come
36.it is about time you ____ the medicine,sir.
a.will take b.should take c.must take d.are to take
37.if there _____ no electricity in the future,our life _____ change a lot.
a.will be;will b.is;will c.should be;would d.would be;would
38.without the communist party there ____ new china.
a.hadnt been a b.is not a c.would be no d.was not a
39.there _____ a lot of deer in the forest.
a.have b.are c.is d.has
40.from space _____ like a huge water－covered globe(球体).
a.looks the earth b.does look the earth
c.the earth looks d.does the earth look
虚拟语气、倒装句型答案
1－5 d b d b c 6－10 c c a a a 11－15 b d a c a
16－20 c a c c a 21－25 d a d d b 26－30 c b a c d
31－35 b a a c c 36－40 b c c b c
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇11：非谓语动词专项练习题 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
非谓语动词专项练习题
一、用所给动词适当形式填空：
a . ① i want one magazine ______ . ( read )
② my teacher wanted me ______ this question . ( answer )
③ the woman wanted her husband ______ at once . ( examine )
④ my bicycle wants _______ . ( repair )
b . ① what made you ______ so ? ( think )
② the girl was made _____ a man she didn't love at all . ( marry )
③ the show made me _______ in the study of science . ( interest )
④ he raised the picture to make everyone _______ clearly . ( see )
⑤ he raised his voice to make himself _______ . ( hear )
⑥ my father himself made some candles _______ light . ( give )
⑦ the boss made the workers _______ day and night . ( work )
c . ① you'd better get your own room _______ . ( clean )
② yesterday he got his wallet _______ . ( steal )
③ you should get your friends _______ you . ( help )
④ the lecture got us _______ . ( think )
⑤ don't get ________ in the rain . ( catch )
d . ① did you see somebody _______ into the room ? ( steal )
② i saw him _______ in the room at that time . ( read )
③ she was glad to see her child ________ good care of . ( take )
④ i saw her _______ at the windows , thinking . ( seat )
⑤ she was seen ________ here . ( come )
e . ① i like _______ very much . ( swim )
② i don't like _______ tv at this time . ( watch )
③ he never likes _______ at the meeting . ( praise )
④ i feel like _______ to the cinema . ( go )
⑤ would you like ______ with me ? ( go )
f . ① the man ______ at the meeting now is from the south . ( speak )
② i don't know the professor ______ at the meeting tomorrow . ( speak )
③ he is the professor _______ to dinner . ( invite )
g . ① it was so cold and he had the fire _______ all night long . ( burn )
② i have a lot of exercises ________ today . ( do )
③ “do you have nay clothes _______ today ? ”asked mother . ( wash )
④ you'd better have that bad tooth _______ out . ( pull )
⑤ i want to have him _______ a car for me . ( find )
h . ① he doesn't do anything but _______ all day . ( play )
② we have no choice but _______ . ( obey )
③ i'm thinking of how _______ my english . ( improve )
④ he made an apology for _____ late . ( be )
i . ① he told us about his trip in an _______ voice . ( excite )
② he told us his story in a _______ voice . ( tremble )
③ at the sight of a snake , the little girl was very _______ . ( frighten )
④ the boy was _______ , so i didn't believe him again . ( disappoint )
j . ① he is looking forward to ______ college . ( enter )
② he is looking forward to _____ nothing . ( see )
k . ① when he heard the news , he couldn't help ________ with joy . (jump)
② i couldn't help ______ by the beauty of nature . ( strike )
③ sorry , i can't help ______ the housework today . ( do )
l . ①______ enough time , we'll do it better . ( give )
②______ a candle , he went on reading . ( light )
③______ from the hill , the park looks more beautiful . ( see )
④______ the people well , we must work hard at our lessons . ( serve )
二、单项选择：（1）
1. saying always has less difficulty than _____.
a. done b. doing
c. to do d. having done
2. the girl is seriously ill. there is _____.
a. nothing to do but send for a doctor
b. something to do but to send for a doctor
c. nothing to do but to send for a doctor
d. anything to do but sending for a doctor
3. the rest of the money _____ to alice.
a. is to send b. are to send
c. is to be sent d. are to be sent
4. although swimming is his favorite sport, yet he doesn’t like _____ today.
a. to swim b. swimming
c. swim d. to have swim
5. she said she was sorry _____ the train, so she had to stay here for another day.
a. missing b. having missed
c. to miss d. to have missed
6. _____ the same mistake again made his parents very angry.
a. his being made b. he has made
c. he had making d. his making
7. i find the man hard _____.
a. to be pleased b. pleasing
c. pleased d. to please
8. you’d better not have the lights _____ all day long.
a. burning b. burned
c. to burn d. being burnt
9. it is _____ thinking about it now.
a. of no use b. not use
c. no use d. not of any uses
10. -would you like to sing a song for us?
-_____.
a. i prefer not b. i prefer not to
c. i prefer to not d. i wouldn’t prefer
11. he insisted _____ the working site.
a. to be sent to b. being sent to
c. on being sent to d. that to be sent to
12. during the next ten years, she had to work hard _____ for the necklace.
a. paying b. to pay
c. for paying d. in order to paying
13. janet was angry at _____.
a. my not waiting for her b. i didn’t wait for her
c. me not wait for her d. me to not wait for her
14. i prefer staying at home _____ the theater.
a. to go to b. for going to
c. to going to d. rather than go
15. please get someone _____ the washing machine. i want to get it _____ as soon as possible.
a. to repair/to be repaired b. repair/repaired
c. to repair/repairing d. to repair/repaired
16. _____ more time, he could have done the work much better.
a. to be given b. to give
c. given d. giving
17. the information _____ to us is of great value.
a. brought b. taken
c. being taken d. being carried
18. the building _____ next month will be a modern hospital.
a. built b. being built
c. to be built d. be built
19. jessie was sick _____ such noise.
a. of hearing b. to hear
c. of being heard d. heard
20. _____, he left the room.
a. finishing the work b. had finished the work
c. after finished the work d. having finished the work
21. _____ afraid _____ behind, bill studied even harder than ever before.
a. to be/of falling b. being/fall
c. being/of falling d. to be/to fall
22. the machine requires _____, so the workers are required _____ ready.
a. repair/to get b. repairing/to get
c. repairing/getting d. to be repaired/getting
23. everyone dislikes _____.
a. being laughed b. to be laughed
c. being laughed at d. to be laughed at
24. would you like helen _____ you since you have some difficulty?
a. helping b. to help
c. has helped d. help
25. he is beginning _____ his mistakes.
a. correct b. to correct
c. correcting d. corrected
26. the americans can’t use chopsticks _____.
a. to eat b. to eating
c. eating d. to eat with
27. my wish is _____ the people well in the future.
a. to serve for b. to serve
c. serving d. serving for
28. the poor boy, _____ with extraordinary strength, _____ from the ground.
a. filled/rose b. filling/rose
c. full/raised d. filled/risen
29. most shops are open every day, sunday _____.
a. including b. included
c. being included d. to include
30. _____ hot, he left only his stomach _____ with a piece of cloth.
a. feeling/covering b. feeling/covered
c. felt/covered d. felt/covering
31. he advised _____ a meeting _____ the problem.
a. holding/to discuss b. holding/for discussing
c. to hold/to discuss d. hold/discussing
32. _____ the teacher, and he will tell you the answer.
a. asking b. ask
c. if ask d. if you ask
33. the thief entered the room without _____.
a. noticing b. being noticed
c. having noticed d. having been noticed
34. i happened _____ the story when she told me about it.
a. having heard of b. to have heard of
c. to be heard of d. to hear of
35. he is said _____ abroad already.
a. having sent b. to be sending
c. to have been sent d. being sent
36. he was made _____ working because of his poor health.
a. stopping b. to stop
c. stopped d. stop
37. do you consider it any good _____ again?
a. to try b. try
c. trying d. for you to try
38. i regret _____ you that we are unable to offer you a job.
a. informing b. having informed
c. to inform d. to informing
39. i would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.
a. you to call b. you call
c. your calling d. you’re calling
40. she admitted _____ the key.
a. being taking b. to take
c. having taken d. to have taken
41. besides _____, she is kind and tender.
a. beautiful b. being beautiful
c. she beautiful d. is beautiful
42. i don’t want to speak to you, but i _____.
a. have to speak b. have to
c. must speak d. must
43. i wondered whether the movie was _____ worth _____.
a. very/seeing b. well/being seen
c. very/being seen d. well/seeing
44. the lecturer began by _____ us where the island was, and went on _____ about its history.
a. telling/talking b. to tell/to talk
c. telling/to talk d. he told/talking
45. after seeing the movie, _____.
a. the book was read by him b. the book made him want to read it
c. he wanted to read the book d. the reading of the book interested him
46. -why doesn’t he take notes?
-he has no pen _____. he seems _____ it.
a. to write/to forget bringing
b. to write with/to forget to bring
c. to use with/to have forgotten to bring
d. to write with/to have forgotten to bring
47. when _____, water can be changed into vapor.
a. heated b. being heated
c. having been heated d. to heat
48. having finished the work, _____.
a. it was almost six o’clock
b. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters
c. supper had already been prepared
d. we had a rest and then had supper
49. _____, she felt quite shy at the party.
a. as she a stranger b. being a stranger
c. according to a stranger d. she was a stranger
50. flank went to the swimming pool _____ swimming.
a. to go b. gone
c. going d. go
51. the _____ girl sat in the corner, crying.
a. frighten b. frightened
c. frightening d. fright
52. on a _____ morning the little match girl was found _____ at the corner of the street.
a. freezing/freezing b. freezing/frozen
c. frozen/frozen d. frozen/freezing
53. they found a _____ old man _____ on the ground when the door was broken open.
a. dying/lying b. dying/lied
c. dead/lied d. dead/lain
54. be quick, or you’ll get _____ in the rain.
a. to be caught b. catching
c. to catch d. caught
55. who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as jane _____ such a thing!
a. doing b. to do
c. will do d. does
56. he told me not to leave the pot _____.
a. uncovered b. to uncover
c. to be uncovered d. uncovering
57. the experience made him _____ the study of science.
a. interest in b. to interest in
c. interesting in d. interested in
58. he managed to make himself _____ with his _____ english.
a. understood/breaking b. understood/broken
c. understand/breaking d. understand/broken
59. did you hear the sound like that of a door _____?
a. burst b. to burst in
c. burst in d. to be burst in
60. i was deep in thought, so i didn’t notice _____.
a. him to come in b. him come in
c. he come in d. him coming in
61. have you any objection to _____ there on foot?
a. be going b. going
c. go d. went
62. the wallet was returned to him without anything _____.
a. missed b. to be missed
c. missing d. to miss
63. the teacher was far from _____ with the result of the exam.
a. satisfy b. satisfied
c. being satisfied d. satisfying
64. hurry up! mother is sure _____ us at home.
a. waiting b. to wait for
c. to be waiting d. to be waiting for
65. mr brown is said _____ a new novel.
a. to writing b. to have been written
c. to be written d. to have written
66. when _____ into a warm room, the ice soon changed to water.
a. to take b. to be taken
c. taking d. taken
67. the old man walked in the street _____.
a. followed his son b. and following his son
c. and followed by his son d. followed by his son
68. _____ with fear, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, _____ his tail to the rain.
a. trembling/exposing b. trembled/exposed
c. trembled/exposing d. trembling/exposed
69. the two farmers _____ what appeared to be small guns forced the enemy officer to hand in his map.
a. carried b. were carrying
c. carrying d. had carried
70. six _____ nine makes fifteen.
a. added to b. adds to
c. added up to d. added by
71. the lecturer _____ will be here tomorrow.
a. to talk about so much b. to be talking about so much
c. so much talking about d. so much talked about
72. _____ some of the questions _____, the premier said goodbye to us.
a. left/unanswered b. leaving/unanswered
c. leaving/unanswer d. left/unanswer
73. _____ her mother had come, her face lit up.
a. hearing b. having heard
c. when heard d. when she heard
74. _____ in white, she looks much more beautiful.
a. wearing b. dressing
c. dressed d. having dressed
75. _____, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
a. since the key had lost b. the key being lost
c. lost the key d. having lost the key
76. the arctic is considered _____ the northern part of the atlantic.
a. having been b. to have been
c. to be d. being
77. it is impossible for the work _____ within a month.
a. finishing b. being finishing
c. to finish d. to be finished
78. i am too glad _____ you.
a. to see b. seeing
c. saw d. at seeing
79. there is _____ what the weather will be like.
a. not knowing b. no knowing
c. not know d. no known
80. the bottle _____ the poison was sent to the laboratory for a test.
a. containing b. contained
c. which containing d. which is contained
81. _____ the children, we are all sure everything will be all right.
a. with him taken care of b. with he taken care of
c. with him taking care of d. with he taking care of
82. at first she wanted to go to the cinema, but on second thoughts she decided it would be better _____ at home and _____.
a. stay/work b. to stay/to work
c. stay/to work d. to stay/work
83. he didn’t speak to me, let alone _____ me.
a. help b. to help
c. helping d. helped
84. the people’s government does its best to have the living standard of the people _____.
a. risen b. raised
c. rise d. raise
85. the little girl found her teddy bear _____ under the bed.
a. hiding b. to hide
c. hide d. hidden
86. mr smith is _____ to our english evening.
a. more pleased than to come b. more pleased to come than
c. more than pleased to come d. more pleasing than to come
87. once _____, a bad habit is rather difficult to get rid of.
a. formed b. to be formed
c. forming d. having formed
88. you can have no idea what is _____ to do when you come to see the strange boss.
a. ordering b. being ordered
c. to order d. to be ordered
89. the noise of the door _____ the baby.
a. closing waken b. to close woke
c. closed wake d. being closed woke
90. please leave a window _____, for it’s too hot.
a. open b. opening
c. to open d. opened
91. _____ not knowing the answer to such an easy question!
a. hope b. decide
c. imagine d. think
92. he asked to be kept _____ about developments.
a. informing b. informed
c. to inform d. inform
93. _____ everywhere, the wolves had nowhere _____ themselves.
a. hunting/to hide b. to hunt/to hide
c. hunted/hiding d. hunted/to hide
94. it _____ this way.
a. used to do b. used to be done
c. is used to doing d. is using to do
95. they have a lot of difficulty _____.
a. in overcoming b. to overcome it
c. to overcome d. to be overcome
96. didn’t you forget us _____ together in the countryside?
a. to work b. to working
c. working d. worked
97. you always hear about planes _____ because of technical faults.
a. having been delayed b. being delayed
c. having delayed d. delaying
98. these are needed for _____ clothes, paper and other necessaries.
a. the making of b. making of
c. to make d. makings
99. have the police caught _____ yet?
a. the prisoner who escapes b. the escaping prisoner
c. the escaped prisoner d. the prisoner have escaped
100. do you still remember _____ you when you stayed in hospital?
a. my mother and me visiting b. my mother’s and my visiting
c. my mother and me to visit d. my mother and me to have visited
三、单项选择（2）
1. there ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the great wall.
a. was b. being
c. were d. had been
2. the policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.
a. found b. find
c. finding d. to find
3. the boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.
a. closing; trembling
b. closed; trembling
c. closed; trembled
d. closing; trembled
4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.
a. stick in hand
b. with a stick in her hand
c. sticks in hand
d. sticks in hands
5. each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.
a. to hope b. hoping
c. so that d. and
6. how pleased the emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
a. hearing b. heard
c. hear d. to hear
7. we should prevent pollution ______ happily.
a. from living b. living
c. to living d. to live
8.i am busy now, so i can’t help ______ the machine.
a. repair b. to have repaired
c. repairing d. fixing
9. jane came very close ______ a gold medal for britain in the olympics.
a. to win b. winning
c. to winning d. to be won
10. the boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.
a. turning b. to turn
c. to be turned d. turned
11. ----by the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?
----last week.
a. to paint b. painted
c. painting d. to be painted
12. he likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.
a. to swim; to swim
b. swimming; swimming
c. to swim; swimming
d. swimming; to swim
13. there is ______ what the weather will be like.
a. not knowing b. no knowing
c. not know d. no known
14. the novel is said ______ into many languages.
a. to translateb. being translated
c. to have been translated
d. having been translated
15. i’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.
a. correcting b. to correct
c. corrected d. correct
16. they would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.
a. to risk going b. risking to go
c. for risk to go d. risk going
17. he spent as much time as he could _____ the child.
a. teaching b. to teach
c. teach d. for teaching
18. ----alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
----i ______, but i had an unexpected visitor.
a. had b. would
c. was going to d. did
19. how pleased the emperor was ______ what the cheats said!
a. hearing b. to hear
c. heard d. hear
20. ______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.
a. entering b. having entered
c. he entered d. mrs green entering
21. they set out ______ for the ______ boy.
a. searching; losing b. searching; lost
c. to search; lost d. to search; missed
22. ______ her mother had come, her face lit up.
a. hearing b. having heard
c. when hearing d. when she heard
23. they arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.
a. found b. to find
c. find d. finding
24. ----do you have anything more ______, sir?
----no. you can have a rest or do something else.
a. typing b. to be typed
c. typed d. to type
25. the manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.
a. to be informed b. on informing
c. informed d. informing
26. with a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.
a. to settle b. settling
c. settled d. being settled
27. will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?
a. teaching b. teach
c. who teaches d. who teaching
28. after ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
a. being interviewed
b. interviewed
c. interviewing
d. having interviewed
29. they apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.
a. their not being able
b. their being not able
c. them not able
d. them being able not
30. they would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.
a. to risk going b. risking to go
c. for risk to go d. risk going
31. ______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(变异体) of genes in human bodies.
a. being exposed b. having exposed
c. exposed d. after being exposed
32. china became the 143rd member of the world trade organization on december 11, , thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.
a. having realized b. realized
c. realizing d. to realize
33. tom looked at jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.
a. filling; having hidden
b. filled; hidden
c. filling; hidden
d. filled; hiding
34. they apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.
a. their not being able
b. their being not able
c. them not able
d. them being able not
35. which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?
a. to spend b. spend
c. spending d. spent
36. ----will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?
----i will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.
a. locking b. to lock
c. locked d. being locked
37. i regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.
a. informing
b. having informed
c. to have been informed
d. to inform
38. he wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.
a. noticing b. noticed
c. to notice d. being noticed
39. after ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
a. being interviewed
b. interviewed
c. interviewing
d. having interviewed
40. he spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.
a. as to be heard b. to be heard
c. as to hear d. to hear
41. as early as 1647 ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.
a. having b. to have
c. to have had d. having had
42. the building project ______ next year is, i think, not easy ______ in time.
a. being carried out; to complete
b. carried out; to be completed
c. to be carried out; to complete
d. to be carried out; to be completed
43. the reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.
a. that b. what
c. why d. because
44. excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the grand hotel? i thought it was on this corner, but i seem to ______ a mistake.
a. make b. be making
c. having made d. have made
45. ----here’s a new pair of shoes for you.
----thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.
a. to have bought b. to buy
c. buying d. to be buying
46. what worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.
a. his not allowing
b. his not being allowed
c. having not been allowed
d. his being not allowed
47. to do a bit for the motherland, ______.
a. working hard is necessary
b. to learn a foreign language is needed
c. it is important to master science
d. one should serve the people whole-heartedly
48. everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.
a. to take b. taken
c. to be taken d. taking
49. the officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.
a. carry out b. carrying out
c. to carry out d. carried out
50. with a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.
a. to settle b. settling
c. settled d. being settled
51. ----do you have anything more ______, sir?
----no, you can have a rest or do something else.
a. typing b. to be typed
c. typed d. to type
52. the manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.
a. to be informed b. on informing
c. informed d. informing
1-5 bacad 6-10 ddacb 11-15 cbacd 16-20 cacad
21-25 cbcbb 26-30 dbabb 31-35 abbbc 36-40 bcccc
41-45 bbdcc 46-50 dadba 51-55 bbada 56-60 adbcb
61-65 bcbdd 66-70 ddaca 71-75 dbdcb 76-80 cdaba
81-85 cdabd 86-90 cadda 91-95 cbdbc 96-100 cbaca
答案：
a. 1.to read 2. to answer 3. (to be) examined 4. repairing / to be repaired
b. 1. think 2. to marry 3. interested 4. see 5. heard 6. to give 7. working
c. 1. cleaned 2. stolen 3. to help 4. thinking 5. caught
d. 1. steal 2. reading 3. taken 4. seated 5. to come
e. 1. swimming 2. to watch 3. being praised 4. going 5. to go
f. 1. speaking 2. to speak 3. invited
g. 1. burning 2. to do 3. to be washed 4. pulled 5. find
h. 1. 1. play 2. to obey 3. to improve 4. being
i. 1. excited 2. trembling 3. frightened 4. disappointing
j. 1. 1. entering 2. see
k. 1. 1. jumping 2. being struck 3. (to) do
a. 1. given 2. having lit 3. seen 4. to serve
答案：
1------5bdbab 6------10ddacd
11------15bdbcb 16------20aacbd
21------25cddbc 26------30aaaaa
31------35accaa 36-----40cdaaa
41------45acada 46------50bdbda
51-----55bc
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇12：时态 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
时态
一、目标
本章要求学生掌握中学阶段常用的八种时态, 即：一般现在时, 一般过去时, 一般将来时, 现在进行时, 现在完成时, 过去完成时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时。
要求掌握时态的意义、各种时态的动词形式、与各种时态连用的时间状语以及一些时态的特殊意义。
二、重点及难点
八种时态的意义；现在完成时与一般过去时的区别；点性动词与线性动词；时态一致性。
三、方法
1．do you know something about “tense”?
你知道“时态”是什么吗？
2．you are right. for example：
i'm working.我正在工作。
i worked yesterday.我昨天工作。
i will work.我将要工作。
how many tenses have you learned ?
你们学了几种时态？
3．now let's have a discussion on every tense.
现在咱们分别讨论每个时态。
i think the present indefinite tense is the easiest tense of all． do you know what it means ?
我想一般现在时是所有时态中最容易的, 你知道它的含义吗？
4．what's the form of the verb ?
谓语动词形式是什么样的？
5．very good ! do you know how to use “am, is, are”?
here's a saying:
（i）我用 am（you）你用 are, is连着他、她、它。单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are。
can you learn it by heart ?
你知道行为动词第三人称怎么变化吗？
6．do you know what sound“s” or“es” makes ?
你知道“s”或“es”怎么发音吗？
你应当记住“清-清, 浊-浊, 元-浊”。现在我解释一下：
清-清 即：“s”或“es”之前的音素如 果是清辅音的话, “s”或“es”读作［k］（清）。
浊-浊 指“s”或“es”之前的音素如果是浊辅音的话, 则“s”或“es”读作［l］（浊）。
元-浊 如果“s”“es”之前是元音音素, 则它读作［l］（浊）。
你能想出几个例子吗？
7．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态外, 常与什么副词连用呢？
8．一般现在时除表示经常性动作或状态外, 还有其他用法。它能表示将来时, 但它是有条件的, 这个条件有两种情况：a．是在条件状语从句中, 如果主句是一般将来时或一般现在时。b．是表示计划、打算、有规律动作。你能想出几个例子吗？
9．i think you have known something about the present indefinite tense. but i have one more point to tell you.
that is：sometimes the present indefinite tense is used in the object clause when the past indefinte tense is used in the main sentence, can you show me an example？
10．so much for the present indefinite tense. let's come to the present continuous tense. do you know the form of the verb when it is used as the present continuous tense？
11．you are right. then what kind of adverbial is used？
那么用什么状语呢？
12．现在进行时有一个特殊的意义, 它可以表示将来发生的动作。但是这些动词必须是表示位置移动的单词。例如：go, come, start, leave 等。 would you please give me two sentences？
13．very good. now shall we talk about the future indefinite tense？this kind of tense refers to an action that is going to happen in the future. would you please say more？
14．一般将来时除去will do结构外, 还有其他结构, 也可表示将来时, 但注意这些结构有其他意义在里边。如： be going to do…表示动作将要发生, 表示主观打算。
be to do表示安排、计划好的动作, 表示命令、可能等意义。
be about to do…表示眼下即将发生……
can you make some sentences？
15．the past indefinite tense expresses an action happened in the past. it's usually used with the adverbials such as yesterday, last month（ year, week）, the day before yesterday, … ago, in 1968 etc.它的谓语动词形式是什么样的呢？
16．now let's come to the present perfect tense. in this tense, the action also happened in the past, but the action has something to do with“now”.
现在完成时动作发生在过去, 但它对现在有影响。谓语动词的形式为have done, done代表过去分词。have还有一种变化, 即has。has用于第三人称单数, 其他人称用have, 请你给出几个现在完成时的句子。
17．请你根据刚才的句子, 归纳一下现在完成时有几种含义？
18．现在完成时的这两种含义非常重要, 要认真领会。这里引出了两个概念：延续性动词与非延续性动词。即：点性动词与线性动词。所谓点性动词就是不能延续的动词；线性动词就是可以延续的动词。延续性动词用于现在完成时的第二种用法, 点性动词用于第一种用法。
19．点点结合, 线线结合是完成时中一个重要原则, 这个问题往往是学生容易出错的地方。请把下列句子的错误改正过来：
a．he has come for 3 hours.
b．the girl has waited since two years.
c．the old man has died for ten years.
d．i have bought the book for two months.
20．那么，在英语中，同一种意思，既有点性动词，又有线性动词的实例很多。now would you please show the continuous verbs of the following ?
a．join the army
b．join the party
c．come back
d．borrow a book
e．buy a book
f． leave
g．go out
h．die
i．open
j．begin
k． arrive
21．在完成时的句子中, 同一种意思可以有几种英语表达方法。如：
我入团已经5年了。有以下几种表达方式：
a．i have been a league member for 5 years.
b．it's five years since i joined the league.
i joined the league 5 years ago.
i have been a league member since 5 years ago.
now i give you some sentences and please try to express the same meaning in other ways.
a．he has been here for 2 hours.
b．they've been away since 1960.
c．the film has been on for one hour.
22．now let's do some other exercises. fill in the blanks with the proper forms of verbs.
a．i ____ （lose）my pen.
she ____ （ lose） her pen yesterday.
b．i ____ （be）to the agricultural exhibition.
i ____ （go） to the agricultural exhibition last week.
c．the car ____ （stop）.
the car ____ （stop） just now.
d．a： ____ you ____ your lunch ?
b：yes, i ____ .
a：when ____ you ____ it ?
b：i ____ it about half an hour ago.
23．now let me say something about “have been to” and“have gone to”.
have been to 意思是“去过”。
have gone to 意思是“去了”。
请翻译下列各句：
a．我去海南四次了。
b．他已经去南方了。
c．你去过东京吗？
d．小李已经去办公室了。
你可以去那儿找他。
e．你去哪儿了？
f．他去哪儿了？
24．通过练习，对现在完成时和过去时有了足够的认识, 你能说出它们的异同点吗？
25．very good !here's a drawing to show the difference between the present perfect tense and the past indefinite tense.
e．g．he was a student in the past.
e．g． he has been a student for 2 years.
26．现在来谈谈对比时态问题。所谓对比时态是指两个动作同时存在, 但有时间前后。这样的时态有过去将来时、过去完成时。
27．过去完成时也可跟另一个时间进行对比, 含义仍然是到过去某个时间为止, 如它与 by the end of…, by the time when…
例如：
a．they had completed the program by the end of the last year.
b．the train had left by the time when we arrived at the station.
28．you are right. the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at a present moment or during a present period of time, while the past continuous tense refers to the past.
e．g．my daughter was reviewing her lessons at eight last night.
what were you doing while i was watching tv ?
students
1．i think“tense” is a certain form of a verb. it changes according to the time of the action.
我想“时态”是动词的某种形式, 它随动作的时间而发生变化。
2．we have learned eight tenses. they are： the present indefinite tense, the past indefinite tense, the future indefinite tense, the present continuous tense, the present perfect tense, the past continuous tense, the past perfect tense and the future-in-the-past indefinite tense.
我们学习了：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
3．一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态、过去、现在以及将来一直进行的动作或存在的状态。
4．一般现在时, 谓语动词要随主语人称而变化。be动词有三种变化形式, 即am, is, are；行为动词有两种变化形式, 即：原形和第三人称单数。
5．行为动词第三人称有以下几种变化形式：
a．动词后面直接加“s”, 如works, plays, learns。
b．以［k］［cm］, ［dn］,［m］,［l］ 结尾的单词, 词尾加“es”, 如果词尾有“e”, 则只加“s”, 如：misses, finishes, teaches, loses。
c．如词尾以辅音字母 y结尾, 应变y为“i”, 再加“es”, 如： flies, carries。
d．特殊情况：go和do词尾加“es”。
6．啊！我明白了, 像 works, 由于 s之前是k, 读作［e］, 是清辅音, 所以s读作［k］；又如：learns s之前是浊辅音［q］, 所以它读作浊辅音［l］； plays s之前由于是ay字母组合, 读作元音音素［-!］, 所以s读作［l］这叫做“元-浊”。
7．与一般现在时连用的时间状语有：often, usually, sometimes, always, seldom, twice a week, every day…
8． a．if it is fine tomorrow, i will go out for a picnic.
（条件状语从句中一般现在时表示将来）
b．when they leave school, they will go back to the factory.（时间状语从句一般现在时表示将来）
c．the train starts at ten o'clock in the morning.
（计划, 有规律的动作表示将来）
9．yes, i can. here's a sentence.
the teacher said that the sun rises in the east. here“rises”is the present indefinite tense. this tense is used because it happens regularly.
因为动作是有规律地发生。
10．the form of the verb is“be doing”, and“be”can be changeable.
for example：am, is, are. i think the present continuous tense expresses an action happening at present time or during present period of time.
for example：
he is reading a book now.
we are learning bookⅱthis week.
11．现在进行时与 now, at the present, this year（week, month）等时间状语连用。
12．
a．he is coming to see me tomorrow.
明天他要来看我。
b．they are leaving shanghai for beijing.他们要离开上海去北京。
13．ok ! the future indefinite tense is connected with the future time, such as, tomorrow, next week（year, month）, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in a month （year） etc.
它的动词结构是will do 有时第一人称单复数用shall do。
14．yes, i can.
a．we are going to help the farmers on the red star farm.
我们打算去红星农场帮助农民们。
b．the boys are to go to school next week.
这些男孩们下周要上学了。
c．we are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now.
我们就要离开了, 所以现在没有时间去看他了。
15．一般过去时, 谓语动词的形式应该用过去时。即：原形动词后加ed, 还有一些特殊形式的动词。如：go----went, see----saw, do----did, read----read, give----gave, sit----sat。
我想特殊动词要特殊记忆。
16．我清楚了, 现在完成时谓语动词形式have done, 可以这样理解：have是“变量”；done是“常量”。
a．we have cleaned the room now.
我们现在已经打扫了房间。
b．he has cleaned the room now.
他现在已经打扫了房间。
c．they have been here for 3 hours.
他们在这儿呆了3个小时了。
d．the professor has worked in this university since 1969．
教授自从1969年就在这所大学里工作。
17．我想有两种含义：
一种是动作发生在过去, 动作不延续, 但对现在有结果和影响。如句子a、b表示打扫房间的动作发生在过去, 但强调的是现在房间已经干净了。
另一种是动作从过去开始一直延续到现在, 对现在有结果和影响, 如句子c、d。
18．点性动词应当与点性时间状语连用, 线性动词与线性时间状语连用。点性时间状语有：now, today, already, just, before, never, ever, always, yet等, 线性时间状语有for…, since…等。
19．a句中应当把come改为 been here, come为点性动词, for为线性时间状语。
b句有两种改法，一是将since改为for, 意思是“已经等了两年了”。另一种是在two years之后加ago, 意思是“自从两年前就开始等, 一直等到现在。”
c句将 died改为 been dead, 因为 for ten years是线性时间状语, die为点性动词, 不能延续, 而 be dead是线性动词, 可与 for短语连用。
d．将 bought改为 kept或 had。 buy为点性动词, have（keep）为线性动词。
20．let me have a try．
join the army----serve in the army
join the party----be a party member
come back----be back
borrow a book----keep a book
buy a book----have a book
leave----be away
go out----be out
die----be dead
open----be open
begin----be on
arrive----be here
a．he has been here since two hours ago.
it's two hours since he came.
he came here two hours ago.
b．they went away in 1960.
they have been away for 40 years.
it's 40 years since they went away.
c．the film began an hour ago.
it's one hour since the film began.
the film has been on since one hour ago.
21．a．he has been here since two hours ago.
it's two hours since he came.
he came here two hours ago.
b．they went away in 1960.
they have been away for 40 years.
it's 40 years since they went away.
c．the film began an hour ago.
it's one hour since the film began.
the film has been on since an hour ago.
22．
a．have lost； lost
b．have been； went
c．has stopped； stopped
d．have… had
have
did… have
had
23．
a．i have been to hainan four times.
b．he has gone to the south.
c．have you ever been to tokyo ?
d．xiao li has been to his office. you can find him there.
e．where have you been ?
f． where has he gone ?
24．在我看来，它们的相同之处是动作都发生在过去，它们的不同点是现在完成时的动作对现在有影响，而过去时对现在没有影响。
25．图a表示动作发生在过去，处于静止状态, 而图b表示动作发生在过去，但它指向现在，对现在有结果和影响，最后强调的是现在。
26．当主句动作发生在过去，从句动作发生在它之后，这时从句谓语用过去将来时。如：
i said that i would go to that island.
“said”在前，相对它来讲，would go在后。
可当一个动作发生在过去而另一个动作发生在它之前, 那么这个动作则要用过去完成时。如：
i said that i had finished the composition.
said发生在过去, had finished在它之前发生, 称之为过去的过去。
27．现在我明白啦！过去完成时和过去将来时只有在与另一个过去的动作进行对比的情况下才能存在。所以把这两种时态叫对比时态。
老师，我有一个问题，过去进行时是指过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作吗？
四、精选题
选择填空：
1．----can i join your club, dad？ [ ]
----you can when you ____ a bit older.（'94）
a．get b．will get
c．are getting d．will have got
2．----i'm sorry to keep you waiting.（'94） [ ]
----oh, not at all. i ____ here only a few minutes.
a．have been b．had been
c．was d．will be
3．i don't really work here；i ____ until the new secretary arrives.（'94） [ ]
a．just help out
b．have just helped out
c．am just helping out
d．will just help out
4．i need one more stamp before my collection ____ . [ ]
a．has completed
b．completes
c．has been completed
d．is completed
5．i first met lisa three years ago．she ____ at a radio shop at the time.（'97） [ ]
a．has worked
b．was working
c．had been working
d．had worked
6．----is this raincoat yours？ [ ]
----no, mine ____ there behind the door.（'97）
a．is hanging b．has hung
c．hangs d．hung
7．----nancy is not coming tonight. [ ]
----but she ____ ！（'98）
a．has written b．wrote
c．had written d．was writing
8．shirley ____ a book about china last year but i don't know whether she has finished it.（'98） [ ]
a．has written b．wrote
c．had written d．was writing
9．----hi, tracy, you look tired. [ ]
----i am tired. i ____ the living room all day.（'98）
a．painted
b．had painted
c．have been painting
d．have painted
10． the price ____ , but i doubt whether it will remain so.（'99） [ ]
a．went down
b．will go down
c．has gone down
d．was going down
11．----bob has gone to california. i hear. [ ]
----oh. i wonder when he ____ .（'96海淀）
a．has left b．leaves
c．left d．was leaving
12．----have you got your test result ? [ ]
----not yet. the papers ____ .（'96海淀）
a．are not correcting
b．have not corrected
c．are still being corrected
d．have already been corrected
13．----why weren't you at the meeting ? [ ]
----i ____ for a long----distance call from my father in australia.（'99西城）
a．waited b．was waiting
c．had waited d．have been waited
14．the telephone ____ four times in the last hour, and each time it ____ for my roommate.（'99西城） [ ]
a．has rung; was
b．has been ringing; is
c．had rung; was
d．rang; has been
15． two million tons of oil ____ exploited in this area that year.（'99西城） [ ]
a．was b．has been
c．were d．have been
16．----what time ____ tom tomorrow？ [ ]
----at 3：00 p．m．（'99西城）
a．do you meet
b．will you meet
c．would you meet
d．are you meeting
17． that was not a good place to go skating. you ____ your leg. [ ]
a．can break
b．could break
c．could have broken
d．could have been broken
18．---- ____ the sports meet might be put off. [ ]
----yes, it all depends on the weather.
a．i've been told
b．i've told
c．i'm told
d．i told
19．----your phone number again？ i ____ quite catch it. [ ]
----it's 9568442．
a．didn't b．couldn't
c．don't d．can't
20． as she ____ the newspaper, granny ____ asleep. [ ]
a．read; was falling
b．was reading; fell
c．was reading; was falling
d．read; fell
21．i don't think jim saw me; he ____ into space. [ ]
a．just stared
b．was just staring
c．has just stared
d．had just stared
22．----who is jerry cooper？ [ ]
---- ____ ? i saw gou shaking hands with him at the meeting.
a．don't you meet him yet
b．hadn't you met him yet
c．didn't you meet him yet
d．haven't you met him yet
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1． i'm afraid i can't get in all the wheat within such a short time unless you ____ to help me tomorrow.（come）
2． they left for beijing last week and we ____ then so far.（not hear）
3．when we reached the airport, we were surprised to find that uncle's plane ____ . （land）
4．i ____ he had finished his work.（think）
5．we ____ the problem for quite some time, but we any conclusion yet.（discuss, not reach）
6．he said this book would be published if the writer ____ .（agree）
7．john works very hard. in fact, i think he ____ right now.（study）
8．the little boy didn't see me, he ____ a golden fish in a basin.（watch）
9．i have to make a quick phone call. can you wait a few moments ? it ____ long.（not take）
10．they ____ themselves on the beach when the train ____ .（enjoy, come）
答案：
选择填空：
1～5 aacdb 6～10 abdcc 11～15 ccbac
16～20 bbaab 21～22 bd
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1．come 主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。
2．haven't heard so far与现在完成时连用。
3．had landed 在 reached之前发生, 故用过去完成时。
4．thought
5．have been discussing, haven't reached 讨论从过去开始一直到现在, 但是到目前仍没有结论。
6．agreed 主句是过去时, 从句动作受它影响。
7． is studying
8．was watching 没有看到我, 那时正观看金鱼。
9．won't take
10．were enjoying, came
责任编辑：李芳芳
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